Persistent free radicals in the environment

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-05 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138332

Linjun Qin , Wuyuxin Zhu , Lili Yang , Minghui Zheng , Guorui Liu

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Abstract

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are environmental pollutants whose potential DNA damage and apoptosis toxicity may be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The currently available knowledge of their environmental characteristics and transformation mechanisms is not sufficient to understand the environmental behaviors and health effects of EPFRs and should be further expanded. This review offers a comprehensive review of the current state of EPFRs, including characterization methods, formation mechanisms, and environmental behavior of EPFRs. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy directly probes EPFRs in environmental matrices. EPFRs can be simply categorized by g value, but structure confirmation solely by EPR is challenging because the complexity of environmental matrices results in the absence of a hyperfine splitting spectrum. Combined advanced EPR and multi-spectroscopic methods enable the structural identification of EPFRs in environmental samples. The environmental behavior and ecological impacts of EPFRs have been progressively studied. This review highlights the important role of EPFRs in natural environments and emphasizes the necessity of further research on EPFRs.

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环境中持久的自由基

环境持久性自由基（environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs）是一种环境污染物，其潜在的DNA损伤和细胞凋亡毒性可能由活性氧（reactive oxygen species， ROS）介导。目前对其环境特征和转化机制的现有知识不足以了解epfr的环境行为和健康影响，应进一步扩大。本文综述了epfr的研究现状，包括epfr的表征方法、形成机制和环境行为。电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱直接探测环境基质中的epfr。epfr可以通过g值简单地分类，但仅通过EPR来确认结构是具有挑战性的，因为环境矩阵的复杂性导致缺乏超精细分裂光谱。结合先进的EPR和多光谱方法，可以对环境样品中的epfr进行结构鉴定。epfr的环境行为和生态影响的研究日益深入。本文综述了epfr在自然环境中的重要作用，并强调了进一步研究epfr的必要性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.