Mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and skin applications of natural polysaccharides in anti-aging: A review

Abstract

Natural polysaccharides, a class of biological macromolecules found in nature, have recently attracted considerable interest owing to their notable anti-aging capabilities. This article provides a comprehensive review of the intricate mechanisms through which natural polysaccharides combat aging, as well as their applications in addressing skin aging. Primarily, these polysaccharides manifest their anti-aging effects via diverse pathways, such as antioxidation, gut microbiota regulation, metabolic modulation, and immune system regulation. The anti-aging efficacy of natural polysaccharides is intrinsically linked to their structure-activity relationships, with critical determinants including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and chemical architecture. Polysaccharides with lower molecular weights typically demonstrate enhanced biological activity, whereas specific monosaccharide configurations and chemical modifications can markedly augment their anti-aging potential. The utilization of natural polysaccharides in skin aging holds significant promise, offering benefits such as anti-aging, wrinkle reduction, anti-glycation, and the facilitation of skin regeneration. In conclusion, this article synthesizes the advancements in research on natural polysaccharides within the anti-aging sector and forecasts future trajectories, to establish a robust foundation for the innovation of new polysaccharide-derived anti-aging formulations.