Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143296
Mojtaba Rajabinezhad, Abbas Bahrami, Mohammad Saeid Abbasi, Mohammad Reza Karampoor
A drug-releasing Cu-doped Fe3O4/bioactive glass 58S/chitosan coating was deposited on AISI 316L stainless steel via electrophoretic deposition, aiming to improve biomedical properties of the surface. The structure and morphology of coating layers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), confirming homogeneity and effective integration of the composite constituents. Magnetic properties were evaluated using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Contact angle measurements demonstrated enhanced surface wettability, while laser profilometry confirmed surface topography optimization. Drug release kinetics were analyzed via UV–Vis spectrophotometry, revealing sustained release of amikacin. Bioactivity was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF), with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and SEM-EDS analyses confirming hydroxyapatite formation on the surface. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using MTT assays on MG63 cells, showing high viability in accordance with ISO 10993-5 standards. Antibacterial activity, quantified via colony count and the agar disk diffusion assays, demonstrated significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This proposed composite coating addresses critical challenges in biomedical implants, including poor bioactivity, bacterial colonization, and uncontrolled drug release. Drug-releasing Cu-doped Fe₃O₄/bioactive glass/chitosan coating appears to be a promising easy-to-apply coating orthopedic/biomedical applications.
{"title":"A promising multi-component, multi-functional, drug-releasing Cu-doped Fe3O4/bioactive glass/Chitosan coating, applied on stainless steel substrate for biomedical applications","authors":"Mojtaba Rajabinezhad, Abbas Bahrami, Mohammad Saeid Abbasi, Mohammad Reza Karampoor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A drug-releasing Cu-doped Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/bioactive glass 58S/chitosan coating was deposited on AISI 316L stainless steel via electrophoretic deposition, aiming to improve biomedical properties of the surface. The structure and morphology of coating layers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), confirming homogeneity and effective integration of the composite constituents. Magnetic properties were evaluated using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Contact angle measurements demonstrated enhanced surface wettability, while laser profilometry confirmed surface topography optimization. Drug release kinetics were analyzed via UV–Vis spectrophotometry, revealing sustained release of amikacin. Bioactivity was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF), with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and SEM-EDS analyses confirming hydroxyapatite formation on the surface. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using MTT assays on MG63 cells, showing high viability in accordance with ISO 10993-5 standards. Antibacterial activity, quantified via colony count and the agar disk diffusion assays, demonstrated significant inhibition against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. This proposed composite coating addresses critical challenges in biomedical implants, including poor bioactivity, bacterial colonization, and uncontrolled drug release. Drug-releasing Cu-doped Fe₃O₄/bioactive glass/chitosan coating appears to be a promising easy-to-apply coating orthopedic/biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143296"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143308
Chunjiang Sang , Jiasai Shu , Kang Wang , Wentao Xia , Yan Wang , Tingting Sun , Xiaojun Xu
Biological interactions between RNA and small-molecule ligands play a crucial role in determining the specific functions of RNA, such as catalysis and folding, and are essential for guiding drug design in the medical field. Accurately predicting the binding sites of ligands within RNA structures is therefore of significant importance. To address this challenge, we introduced a computational approach named RLBSIF (RNA-Ligand Binding Surface Interaction Fingerprints) based on geometric deep learning. This model utilizes surface geometric features, including shape index and distance-dependent curvature, combined with chemical features represented by atomic charge, to comprehensively characterize RNA-ligand interactions through MaSIF-based surface interaction fingerprints. Additionally, we employ the ResNet18 network to analyze these fingerprints for identifying ligand binding pockets. Trained on 440 binding pockets, RLBSIF achieves an overall pocket-level classification accuracy of 90 %. Through a full-space enumeration method, it can predict binding sites at nucleotide resolution. In two independent tests, RLBSIF outperformed competing models, demonstrating its efficacy in accurately identifying binding sites within complex molecular structures. This method shows promise for drug design and biological product development, providing valuable insights into RNA-ligand interactions and facilitating the design of novel therapeutic interventions. For access to the related source code, please visit RLBSIF on GitHub (https://github.com/ZUSTSTTLAB/RLBSIF).
{"title":"The prediction of RNA-small molecule binding sites in RNA structures based on geometric deep learning","authors":"Chunjiang Sang , Jiasai Shu , Kang Wang , Wentao Xia , Yan Wang , Tingting Sun , Xiaojun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological interactions between RNA and small-molecule ligands play a crucial role in determining the specific functions of RNA, such as catalysis and folding, and are essential for guiding drug design in the medical field. Accurately predicting the binding sites of ligands within RNA structures is therefore of significant importance. To address this challenge, we introduced a computational approach named RLBSIF (RNA-Ligand Binding Surface Interaction Fingerprints) based on geometric deep learning. This model utilizes surface geometric features, including shape index and distance-dependent curvature, combined with chemical features represented by atomic charge, to comprehensively characterize RNA-ligand interactions through MaSIF-based surface interaction fingerprints. Additionally, we employ the ResNet18 network to analyze these fingerprints for identifying ligand binding pockets. Trained on 440 binding pockets, RLBSIF achieves an overall pocket-level classification accuracy of 90 %. Through a full-space enumeration method, it can predict binding sites at nucleotide resolution. In two independent tests, RLBSIF outperformed competing models, demonstrating its efficacy in accurately identifying binding sites within complex molecular structures. This method shows promise for drug design and biological product development, providing valuable insights into RNA-ligand interactions and facilitating the design of novel therapeutic interventions. For access to the related source code, please visit RLBSIF on GitHub (<span><span>https://github.com/ZUSTSTTLAB/RLBSIF</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143308"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143359
Thanh Gia Thien Ho , Thi Thuy Van Nguyen , Ba Long Do , Thi Truc Van Nguyen , Thi Thu Hien Dang , Tri Nguyen , Anh N. Phan , Huynh Ky Phuong Ha
This study aims to develop an efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective composite for antibacterial and catalytic applications. In this work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was anchored onto the surface of cellulose aerogel (CA) derived from corn husk waste to create a multifunctional material. The deposition of CuNPs onto the surface of the CA is achieved using a straightforward wet reduction process of a precursor of copper (II) solution, employing glucose as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. In order to determine the characterization of the synthesized composite samples, several physicochemical analyses were investigated, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area diffraction (SAED). The result showed that the average size of CuNPs detected at approximately 10 ± 5 nm was immobilized and well dispersed on the CA fibers. Besides, antibacterial efficacy of cellulose aerogel decorated with CuNPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. using the absorption method, following the ISO 20743: 2013 standard. The results demonstrated that the antibacterial effectiveness of CuNPs varied among bacterial species, highlighting the influence of bacterial cell wall structure on CuNP susceptibility. The 2.5Cu/CA sample, containing 2.5 % CuNPs, exhibited high antibacterial activity against E. coli (99.6 %), B. cereus (99.98 %), and Salmonella spp. (88.00 %), confirming its strong potential for antimicrobial applications. In contrast, S. aureus exhibited higher resistance to CuNP treatment, with only 52.35 % bacterial reduction, likely due to its thick peptidoglycan layer, which may act as a barrier against CuNP penetration and ROS diffusion. In addition, the suitable composite 2.5Cu/CA was continually conducted to examine the catalytic activity in reducing p-nitrophenol with the presence of NaBH4 as a reductant agent. After 5 min, the catalytic performance under the optimal condition recorded a conversion efficiency >95.0 % with an apparent rate constant of 0.789 min−1. Therefore, these findings signify the opening of new avenues in fabricating innovative hybrid material with multiple applications in the biomedical and catalytic fields using a facile, cost-effective, and sustainable synthetic method.
{"title":"Eco-friendly copper nanoparticles embedded cellulose aerogel from corn husk with robust antibacterial and catalytic reduction performance","authors":"Thanh Gia Thien Ho , Thi Thuy Van Nguyen , Ba Long Do , Thi Truc Van Nguyen , Thi Thu Hien Dang , Tri Nguyen , Anh N. Phan , Huynh Ky Phuong Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop an efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective composite for antibacterial and catalytic applications. In this work, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was anchored onto the surface of cellulose aerogel (CA) derived from corn husk waste to create a multifunctional material. The deposition of CuNPs onto the surface of the CA is achieved using a straightforward wet reduction process of a precursor of copper (II) solution, employing glucose as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. In order to determine the characterization of the synthesized composite samples, several physicochemical analyses were investigated, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area diffraction (SAED). The result showed that the average size of CuNPs detected at approximately 10 ± 5 nm was immobilized and well dispersed on the CA fibers. Besides, antibacterial efficacy of cellulose aerogel decorated with CuNPs was evaluated against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Salmonella spp.</em> using the absorption method, following the ISO 20743: 2013 standard. The results demonstrated that the antibacterial effectiveness of CuNPs varied among bacterial species, highlighting the influence of bacterial cell wall structure on CuNP susceptibility. The 2.5Cu/CA sample, containing 2.5 % CuNPs, exhibited high antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em> (99.6 %), <em>B. cereus</em> (99.98 %), and <em>Salmonella spp.</em> (88.00 %), confirming its strong potential for antimicrobial applications. In contrast, <em>S. aureus</em> exhibited higher resistance to CuNP treatment, with only 52.35 % bacterial reduction, likely due to its thick peptidoglycan layer, which may act as a barrier against CuNP penetration and ROS diffusion. In addition, the suitable composite 2.5Cu/CA was continually conducted to examine the catalytic activity in reducing p-nitrophenol with the presence of NaBH<sub>4</sub> as a reductant agent. After 5 min, the catalytic performance under the optimal condition recorded a conversion efficiency >95.0 % with an apparent rate constant of 0.789 min<sup>−1</sup>. Therefore, these findings signify the opening of new avenues in fabricating innovative hybrid material with multiple applications in the biomedical and catalytic fields using a facile, cost-effective, and sustainable synthetic method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143359"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143320
Xiujuan Li , Qingqi Su , Jingwei Xue , Song Wei
Natural polysaccharides, a class of biological macromolecules found in nature, have recently attracted considerable interest owing to their notable anti-aging capabilities. This article provides a comprehensive review of the intricate mechanisms through which natural polysaccharides combat aging, as well as their applications in addressing skin aging. Primarily, these polysaccharides manifest their anti-aging effects via diverse pathways, such as antioxidation, gut microbiota regulation, metabolic modulation, and immune system regulation. The anti-aging efficacy of natural polysaccharides is intrinsically linked to their structure-activity relationships, with critical determinants including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and chemical architecture. Polysaccharides with lower molecular weights typically demonstrate enhanced biological activity, whereas specific monosaccharide configurations and chemical modifications can markedly augment their anti-aging potential. The utilization of natural polysaccharides in skin aging holds significant promise, offering benefits such as anti-aging, wrinkle reduction, anti-glycation, and the facilitation of skin regeneration. In conclusion, this article synthesizes the advancements in research on natural polysaccharides within the anti-aging sector and forecasts future trajectories, to establish a robust foundation for the innovation of new polysaccharide-derived anti-aging formulations.
{"title":"Mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and skin applications of natural polysaccharides in anti-aging: A review","authors":"Xiujuan Li , Qingqi Su , Jingwei Xue , Song Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural polysaccharides, a class of biological macromolecules found in nature, have recently attracted considerable interest owing to their notable anti-aging capabilities. This article provides a comprehensive review of the intricate mechanisms through which natural polysaccharides combat aging, as well as their applications in addressing skin aging. Primarily, these polysaccharides manifest their anti-aging effects via diverse pathways, such as antioxidation, gut microbiota regulation, metabolic modulation, and immune system regulation. The anti-aging efficacy of natural polysaccharides is intrinsically linked to their structure-activity relationships, with critical determinants including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and chemical architecture. Polysaccharides with lower molecular weights typically demonstrate enhanced biological activity, whereas specific monosaccharide configurations and chemical modifications can markedly augment their anti-aging potential. The utilization of natural polysaccharides in skin aging holds significant promise, offering benefits such as anti-aging, wrinkle reduction, anti-glycation, and the facilitation of skin regeneration. In conclusion, this article synthesizes the advancements in research on natural polysaccharides within the anti-aging sector and forecasts future trajectories, to establish a robust foundation for the innovation of new polysaccharide-derived anti-aging formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143320"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143310
Kai Lin , Yaning Zhou , Hu Tian , Xuexiao Du , Lei Yue
Transferrins are a multifunctional family of proteins that are essential for diverse physiological processes through their binding and transport of iron. Although previous studies have indicated that transferrins play crucial roles in insect antibacterial immunity and reproduction, the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate these essential processes remain poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized transferrins in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), an economically important agricultural pest, and elucidated their roles in innate immunity and reproduction. Four putative transferrin-coding genes were identified in the S. exigua genome, and structural analysis revealed that iron-binding domains were present exclusively in SeTsf1. Following infection with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, SeTsf1 expression increased 3.2-fold, whereas iron levels decreased by 57.9 % in the hemolymph but increased by 51.6 % in the fat body. SeTsf1 knockdown significantly enhanced the susceptibility of S. exigua to M. anisopliae infection and abolished the hypoferremic response. Additionally, SeTsf1 silencing reduced egg production and hatching rates by 26 % and 28 %, respectively, and was accompanied by a 31 % decrease in ovarian iron content. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that SeTsf1 regulates immunity and reproduction through tissue-specific iron redistribution in S. exigua.
{"title":"Iron-binding transferrins regulate immunity and reproduction via tissue-specific iron redistribution in Spodoptera exigua","authors":"Kai Lin , Yaning Zhou , Hu Tian , Xuexiao Du , Lei Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transferrins are a multifunctional family of proteins that are essential for diverse physiological processes through their binding and transport of iron. Although previous studies have indicated that transferrins play crucial roles in insect antibacterial immunity and reproduction, the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate these essential processes remain poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized transferrins in the beet armyworm, <em>Spodoptera exigua</em> (Hübner), an economically important agricultural pest, and elucidated their roles in innate immunity and reproduction. Four putative transferrin-coding genes were identified in the <em>S. exigua</em> genome, and structural analysis revealed that iron-binding domains were present exclusively in <em>SeTsf1</em>. Following infection with the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, <em>SeTsf1</em> expression increased 3.2-fold, whereas iron levels decreased by 57.9 % in the hemolymph but increased by 51.6 % in the fat body. <em>SeTsf1</em> knockdown significantly enhanced the susceptibility of <em>S. exigua</em> to <em>M. anisopliae</em> infection and abolished the hypoferremic response. Additionally, <em>SeTsf1</em> silencing reduced egg production and hatching rates by 26 % and 28 %, respectively, and was accompanied by a 31 % decrease in ovarian iron content. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that <em>SeTsf1</em> regulates immunity and reproduction through tissue-specific iron redistribution in <em>S. exigua</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143310"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142947
Tao Zhang , Huanbao Liu , Ping Nie , Kejie Wang , Xigang Wang , Yijia Liu , Xiaoxi Li , Xiang Cheng
Given the significant social and clinical challenges posed by the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the development of small-diameter artificial blood vessels utilizing biomacromolecular materials has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing CVDs. In this paper, sodium alginate/gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (SA/Gel/PVA) porous composite hydrogel ink is firstly prepared by multiple crosslinking method, aiming to solve the problems of poor mechanical properties and unsatisfactory printing effect of small diameter blood vessels. The effect of crosslinking order on the mechanical properties of the materials is explored by adjusting the ratio of SA/Gel/PVA hydrogel. In results, the mechanical strength (>20 %), swelling property (>250 %) and water content (>81 %) of the materials can be improved by appropriate crosslinking method and concentration ratio. Through comprehensive characterization encompassing mechanical properties, moisture content, and microscopic morphology analysis, this study investigates the influence of microscopic pore architecture on the physicochemical characteristics of hybrid hydrogels, aiming to optimize the hydrogel formulation for enhanced performance. Finally, the self-developed 3D printing equipment is utilized to verify the printing feasibility. This study can not only advance the performance of SA/Gel/PVA hydrogel, but also further advance the application of SA/Gel/PVA hydrogel in the field of vessel printing and molding.
{"title":"Enhancement of alginate/gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for multi-crosslinked 3D printed blood vessels","authors":"Tao Zhang , Huanbao Liu , Ping Nie , Kejie Wang , Xigang Wang , Yijia Liu , Xiaoxi Li , Xiang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the significant social and clinical challenges posed by the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the development of small-diameter artificial blood vessels utilizing biomacromolecular materials has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing CVDs. In this paper, sodium alginate/gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (SA/Gel/PVA) porous composite hydrogel ink is firstly prepared by multiple crosslinking method, aiming to solve the problems of poor mechanical properties and unsatisfactory printing effect of small diameter blood vessels. The effect of crosslinking order on the mechanical properties of the materials is explored by adjusting the ratio of SA/Gel/PVA hydrogel. In results, the mechanical strength (>20 %), swelling property (>250 %) and water content (>81 %) of the materials can be improved by appropriate crosslinking method and concentration ratio. Through comprehensive characterization encompassing mechanical properties, moisture content, and microscopic morphology analysis, this study investigates the influence of microscopic pore architecture on the physicochemical characteristics of hybrid hydrogels, aiming to optimize the hydrogel formulation for enhanced performance. Finally, the self-developed 3D printing equipment is utilized to verify the printing feasibility. This study can not only advance the performance of SA/Gel/PVA hydrogel, but also further advance the application of SA/Gel/PVA hydrogel in the field of vessel printing and molding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 142947"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143276
Soumyadip Ghosh, Ankita Basak
Targeting drug delivery to the colon presents significant challenges due to unfavorable pH conditions and enzymatic activity in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This obstacle can be overcome with colon-targeted microbeads, which have led to significant advancements in treating colonic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, as well as in achieving sustained delivery of macromolecules like peptides and proteins. Polysaccharide-based microbeads (MBs) formulated with gellan gum (GLG) offer a robust platform for controlled and site-specific drug release. GLG, a natural anionic polysaccharide, is renowned for its gelation properties in the presence of divalent cations, biocompatibility, and enzymatic degradability, making it ideal for colon-specific applications. In this review, we explored the potential of GLG-MBs for colon-targeted drug delivery and their physicochemical properties, drug release mechanisms, formulation strategies, therapeutic applications, methods for analytical characterizations, highlighting their advantages over conventional drug delivery, and target specificity towards the colonic disease. Furthermore, we discussed the significant limitations of GLG-MBs, such as burst release, processing, scaling up production, regulatory challenges, and clinical uniformity towards colonic environments. We explored the strategies to overcome key limitations in clinical translation, such as uniformity and regulatory hurdles. The review concludes by outlining the direction of advancing GLG-MBs, emphasizing their potential in achieving efficient and targeted drug delivery towards the colon.
{"title":"Gellan gum-based microbeads for Colon-targeted drug delivery: A promising polysaccharide for controlled and site-specific release","authors":"Soumyadip Ghosh, Ankita Basak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting drug delivery to the colon presents significant challenges due to unfavorable pH conditions and enzymatic activity in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This obstacle can be overcome with colon-targeted microbeads, which have led to significant advancements in treating colonic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, as well as in achieving sustained delivery of macromolecules like peptides and proteins. Polysaccharide-based microbeads (MBs) formulated with gellan gum (GLG) offer a robust platform for controlled and site-specific drug release. GLG, a natural anionic polysaccharide, is renowned for its gelation properties in the presence of divalent cations, biocompatibility, and enzymatic degradability, making it ideal for colon-specific applications. In this review, we explored the potential of GLG-MBs for colon-targeted drug delivery and their physicochemical properties, drug release mechanisms, formulation strategies, therapeutic applications, methods for analytical characterizations, highlighting their advantages over conventional drug delivery, and target specificity towards the colonic disease. Furthermore, we discussed the significant limitations of GLG-MBs, such as burst release, processing, scaling up production, regulatory challenges, and clinical uniformity towards colonic environments. We explored the strategies to overcome key limitations in clinical translation, such as uniformity and regulatory hurdles. The review concludes by outlining the direction of advancing GLG-MBs, emphasizing their potential in achieving efficient and targeted drug delivery towards the colon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143276"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143381
Xiaotong Du, Liangyu Zheng
Optical diaryl α-hydroxy amides are valuable motifs for synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. Affected by the two bulky aryl substituents, their preparation by enantioselective carbonyl reduction remains a challenge for biocatalysis. Here an aldo-keto reductase yhdN from Bacillus subtilis was found to possess the catalytic abilities towards the reduction, but with poor activity and stereoselectivity, although the constructed yhdN–GDH whole cells were also used as a biocatalyst. Two stereocomplementary variants, W126F/W21S/A56T and W126A/W21A/P325V, were subsequently obtained by structure-guided evolution, achieving N-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide (1b) with conversions of 98.8 ± 1.1 % and 98.3 ± 1.3 %, and e.e. of 99.2 ± 0.8 %(S) and 97.5 ± 1.0 %(R) within 3 h, respectively. With the excellent variants in hand, the other chiral diaryl α-hydroxy amides were also successfully prepared. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the mutation of W21 and W126 played a key role to reshape the substrate-binding pocket of yhdN, and the formed π-π/π-alkyl interactions between N-phenyl-2-oxo-2-phenylacetamide (1a) and large- or small-pocket amino acid residues, respectively, could further assist in the corresponding (S)−/(R)-stereoselectivity. An advantage in applicability was also presented for variant–GDH whole-cell catalyst. Here provides another enzyme-catalyzed transformation towards chiral diaryl α-hydroxy amides that are difficult to be accessible.
{"title":"Structure-guided evolution to improve the catalytic performance of aldo-keto reductase yhdN from Bacillus subtilis for preparing chiral diaryl α-hydroxy amides","authors":"Xiaotong Du, Liangyu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical diaryl α-hydroxy amides are valuable motifs for synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. Affected by the two bulky aryl substituents, their preparation by enantioselective carbonyl reduction remains a challenge for biocatalysis. Here an aldo-keto reductase yhdN from <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> was found to possess the catalytic abilities towards the reduction, but with poor activity and stereoselectivity, although the constructed yhdN–GDH whole cells were also used as a biocatalyst. Two stereocomplementary variants, W126F/W21S/A56T and W126A/W21A/P325V, were subsequently obtained by structure-guided evolution, achieving <em>N</em>-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide (<strong>1b</strong>) with conversions of 98.8 ± 1.1 % and 98.3 ± 1.3 %, and <em>e.e.</em> of 99.2 ± 0.8 %<sub>(<em>S</em>)</sub> and 97.5 ± 1.0 %<sub>(<em>R</em>)</sub> within 3 h, respectively. With the excellent variants in hand, the other chiral diaryl α-hydroxy amides were also successfully prepared. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the mutation of W21 and W126 played a key role to reshape the substrate-binding pocket of yhdN, and the formed π-π/π-alkyl interactions between <em>N</em>-phenyl-2-oxo-2-phenylacetamide (<strong>1a</strong>) and large- or small-pocket amino acid residues, respectively, could further assist in the corresponding (<em>S</em>)−/(<em>R</em>)-stereoselectivity. An advantage in applicability was also presented for variant–GDH whole-cell catalyst. Here provides another enzyme-catalyzed transformation towards chiral diaryl α-hydroxy amides that are difficult to be accessible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143381"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143199
Zhenyu Huang , Bohan Wen , Ming Wang , Yanqiao Lu , Qingqi Ji , Ju Mei , Xin Shi , Zhaolei Jiang
The pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI) is complex, involving multiple biomarkers and cell signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular structure of VEGFA dioglycan protein and explore how it regulates monocyte infiltration and oxidative stress response after myocardial infarction, so as to provide a new molecular target for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Differential expression analysis and enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the composition and characteristics of immune cells in myocardial infarction. The regulatory network was constructed by network analysis, and in vitro experiments were carried out by BMDM isolation culture. Animal experiments were conducted in mouse models, and data were verified and statistically analyzed by combining immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and single-cell data successfully identified key immune-related genes and analyzed differentially expressed mRNA and its characteristics in myocardial infarction. The immune microenvironment of myocardial infarction was investigated, the differentially expressed circRNA and miRNA were characterized, and the circrNa-mirNA-mrna regulatory network was constructed. The characteristics of differentially expressed proteins in myocardial infarction and the changes of mRNA during oxidative stress were identified and compared. By analyzing the changes in chromatin accessibility, the regulatory network between oxidative stress and myocardial infarction in immune cells was constructed, and the expression and co-localization of oxidative stress in myocardial infarction were verified.
{"title":"Molecular structure of VEGFA polysaccharide protein and its regulation of monocyte infiltration and oxidative stress after myocardial infarction","authors":"Zhenyu Huang , Bohan Wen , Ming Wang , Yanqiao Lu , Qingqi Ji , Ju Mei , Xin Shi , Zhaolei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI) is complex, involving multiple biomarkers and cell signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular structure of VEGFA dioglycan protein and explore how it regulates monocyte infiltration and oxidative stress response after myocardial infarction, so as to provide a new molecular target for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Differential expression analysis and enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the composition and characteristics of immune cells in myocardial infarction. The regulatory network was constructed by network analysis, and in vitro experiments were carried out by BMDM isolation culture. Animal experiments were conducted in mouse models, and data were verified and statistically analyzed by combining immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and single-cell data successfully identified key immune-related genes and analyzed differentially expressed mRNA and its characteristics in myocardial infarction. The immune microenvironment of myocardial infarction was investigated, the differentially expressed circRNA and miRNA were characterized, and the circrNa-mirNA-mrna regulatory network was constructed. The characteristics of differentially expressed proteins in myocardial infarction and the changes of mRNA during oxidative stress were identified and compared. By analyzing the changes in chromatin accessibility, the regulatory network between oxidative stress and myocardial infarction in immune cells was constructed, and the expression and co-localization of oxidative stress in myocardial infarction were verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143331
Ting-Cjia Liao , Quang-Vinh Le , Nguyen The Duc Hanh , Bing-Lan Liu , Penjit Srinophakun , Paweena Prapainainar , Chen-Yaw Chiu , Chi-Yun Wang , I-Son Ng , Kuei-Hsiang Chen , Yu-Kaung Chang
Polyamide 56 (PA56) nanofiber membranes were functionalized with alginate (AG), chitosan (CS), reactive dyes (RG19, RR141), and poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) to develop multifunctional antimicrobial membranes for single-use applications. The resulting membranes, PA56-AG-CS-RG19-PHMB and PA56-AG-CS-RR141-PHMB, achieved high antibacterial efficiencies of 97.12 % and 90.65 %, respectively, against Escherichia coli, demonstrating potent bacterial inhibition. The antimicrobial performance results from a synergistic dual mechanism. Chitosan disrupts bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation through electrostatic interactions, while PHMB compromises membrane integrity and interferes with intracellular processes. This combined action enhances bactericidal efficacy. The functionalization strategy also maintained excellent biocompatibility, with minimal cytotoxicity observed in L929 fibroblasts. Optimized concentrations of AG and CS were systematically evaluated to ensure balanced antibacterial performance and mechanical stability. These membranes, designed for single-use, exhibited significantly reduced antibacterial activity upon reuse, supporting their intended application. Overall, the integration of chemical and physical antimicrobial strategies within a nanofiber matrix presents a novel and effective approach. This strategy enables the development of next-generation materials suitable for real-world single-use biomedical applications, including wound dressings, food packaging, and protective textiles.
{"title":"Dual functional antibacterial nanofiber membranes: Polyhexamethylene biguanide-integrated alginate-chitosan-dye modified polyamide 56 for single-use biomedical applications","authors":"Ting-Cjia Liao , Quang-Vinh Le , Nguyen The Duc Hanh , Bing-Lan Liu , Penjit Srinophakun , Paweena Prapainainar , Chen-Yaw Chiu , Chi-Yun Wang , I-Son Ng , Kuei-Hsiang Chen , Yu-Kaung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyamide 56 (PA56) nanofiber membranes were functionalized with alginate (AG), chitosan (CS), reactive dyes (RG19, RR141), and poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) to develop multifunctional antimicrobial membranes for single-use applications. The resulting membranes, PA56-AG-CS-RG19-PHMB and PA56-AG-CS-RR141-PHMB, achieved high antibacterial efficiencies of 97.12 % and 90.65 %, respectively, against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, demonstrating potent bacterial inhibition. The antimicrobial performance results from a synergistic dual mechanism. Chitosan disrupts bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation through electrostatic interactions, while PHMB compromises membrane integrity and interferes with intracellular processes. This combined action enhances bactericidal efficacy. The functionalization strategy also maintained excellent biocompatibility, with minimal cytotoxicity observed in L929 fibroblasts. Optimized concentrations of AG and CS were systematically evaluated to ensure balanced antibacterial performance and mechanical stability. These membranes, designed for single-use, exhibited significantly reduced antibacterial activity upon reuse, supporting their intended application. Overall, the integration of chemical and physical antimicrobial strategies within a nanofiber matrix presents a novel and effective approach. This strategy enables the development of next-generation materials suitable for real-world single-use biomedical applications, including wound dressings, food packaging, and protective textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 143331"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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