{"title":"Unveiling the Healing Mechanism of Nanopores in Ice Films","authors":"Pengfei Nan, Kang Wu, Qizhu Li, Yangrui Liu, Hongzheng Wang, Yangjian Lin, Jinlong Zhu, Jing Wu, Fang Lin, Yumei Wang, Binghui Ge","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502245","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a ubiquitous substance in nature, ice has attracted substantial research interest across a variety of fields, including physics, environmental science, biology, and cryopreservation. However, the intricate structural transformations within ice remain elusive owing to the stringent experimental constraints. Herein, the detailed evolution of ice nanopores, including expansion and healing, is investigated using advanced cryo-electron microscopy combined with low-dose techniques, and the underlying mechanisms are revealed through surface-free energy analysis. Three pivotal factors are identified as driving the evolution mechanism of ice nanopores: the nanopore geometry and dimensions and the thickness of the ice film. This research not only provides novel insights into the dynamic structural evolution of ice at the molecular scale but also paves the way for a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties and behaviors of ice. Moreover, the healing mechanism of the nanopores is anticipated to be utilized in ice manipulation and nanofabrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"21 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Small","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202502245","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
As a ubiquitous substance in nature, ice has attracted substantial research interest across a variety of fields, including physics, environmental science, biology, and cryopreservation. However, the intricate structural transformations within ice remain elusive owing to the stringent experimental constraints. Herein, the detailed evolution of ice nanopores, including expansion and healing, is investigated using advanced cryo-electron microscopy combined with low-dose techniques, and the underlying mechanisms are revealed through surface-free energy analysis. Three pivotal factors are identified as driving the evolution mechanism of ice nanopores: the nanopore geometry and dimensions and the thickness of the ice film. This research not only provides novel insights into the dynamic structural evolution of ice at the molecular scale but also paves the way for a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties and behaviors of ice. Moreover, the healing mechanism of the nanopores is anticipated to be utilized in ice manipulation and nanofabrication.
期刊介绍：
Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments.
With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology.
Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.
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