Generation of reducing power in chemosynthesis IV. Energy-linked reduction of pyridine nucleotides by succinate in Thiobacillus novellus

M.I.H. Aleem
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引用次数: 22

Abstract

  • 1.

    1. The experiments described in this report have indicated that the reduction of NAD+ by succinate in Thiobacillus novellus is energy-dependent. By blocking the electron transport chain with antimycin A, the endergonic reduction of NAD+ by succinate required ATP. The pyridine nucleotide reduction involved the mediation of the flavoprotein system as Atabrine and Amytal inhibited the process.

  • 2.

    2. Added mammalian cytochrome c has been shown to couple with the electron transport chain of T. novellus thus effecting the catalysis of the generation of high-energy intermediates coupled to succinate oxidation in the absence of inorganic phosphate. The non-phosphorylated high-energy compounds thus can be generated either at coupling site II by oxidation of succinate with cytochrome c as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions, or at sites II and III under aerobic conditions, or at site III by the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c involving electron transport to molecular oxygen through the cytochrome oxidase portion of the respiratory chain. In all cases the reduction of NAD+ was driven by the generated high-energy intermediates involving reversal of electron transfer from the cytochrome c level.

  • 3.

    3. The energy-dependent reduction of NAD+ by succinate involving reversal of electron transfer from the cytochrome c level was sensitive to 2,4-dinitrophenol, dicumarol and arsenate. It was also inhibited by atabrine and Amytal. Antimycin A was effective in partial inhibition of the reversal of electron transfer. In addition malonate and cyanide were found to be potent inhibitors. The mechanism for the generation and utilization of energy for the reversed electron flow, is discussed.

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化学合成中还原力的产生。新硫杆菌中琥珀酸盐的能量链还原吡啶核苷酸
1.1. 本报告中描述的实验表明,琥珀酸盐对新硫杆菌NAD+的还原是能量依赖性的。通过用抗霉素A阻断电子传递链,琥珀酸盐对NAD+的内源性还原需要ATP。吡啶核苷酸的还原涉及黄蛋白系统的中介作用,阿他滨和阿米妥抑制了这一过程。添加的哺乳动物细胞色素c已被证明与T. novellus的电子传递链偶联,从而在没有无机磷酸盐的情况下影响催化生成耦合琥珀酸氧化的高能中间体。因此,非磷酸化的高能化合物可以在偶联位点II上产生,在厌氧条件下,琥珀酸盐与细胞色素c作为电子受体氧化,或者在有氧条件下,在II和III位点上产生,或者在III位点上,通过呼吸链的细胞色素氧化酶部分将电子传递到分子氧,通过细胞色素c氧化产生。在所有情况下,NAD+的还原都是由产生的高能中间体驱动的,涉及细胞色素c水平的电子转移的逆转。琥珀酸盐对NAD+的能量依赖性还原涉及细胞色素c水平电子转移的逆转,对2,4-二硝基苯酚、双酚醇和砷酸盐敏感。阿他滨和阿米妥也能抑制。抗霉素A对电子转移逆转有部分抑制作用。此外,丙二酸盐和氰化物被发现是有效的抑制剂。讨论了反电子流能量的产生和利用机理。
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