THE MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOGERIATRIC PATIENT

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2004-01-01 Epub Date: 2004-06-15 DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2004.04.058
G. ZANNINO, A. GARGIULO, F. LAMENZA, M.G. MAROTTA, T. BARZOTTI, A. SILVESTRI, E. ETTORRE, V. MARIGLIANO
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老年精神病人的管理
老年患者认知障碍患病率呈指数级增长,导致医生处理更大发生率的行为障碍(如兴奋、攻击性)和精神病症状(如谵妄和视觉幻觉)。痴呆患者的精神问题给护理人员带来了极大的困扰,并且在患者管理方面存在更高的困难。这类问题的发生率估计在15%到75%之间。老年评估和行为问题的管理需要及时评估其所有可能的原因。事实上,它们的出现往往表明身体不适(疼痛、发烧等),或不利的环境条件,或者也可能是多种药物治疗的结果。因此,在使用抗精神病药物之前,必须进行准确的临床诊断。抗焦虑药、抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药和抗精神病药是治疗老年精神病患者的治疗策略之一。非典型抗精神病药物似乎能够减轻精神病症状,治疗失败率低。它们还可以减少锥体外系效应和泌乳激素的生长,这在治疗高龄患者时非常有用。利培酮和奥氮平是两种非典型抗精神病药物,在治疗精神分裂症和急性狂躁症中已被证明是足够的和耐受性良好的。我们的阿尔茨海默病评估小组(AEU)随访了一组患者,证实了低剂量奥氮平(5mg/天)和利培酮(0.5-1.0 mg/天)在降低痴呆症引起的行为障碍和精神病症状方面是有效的。即使从长远来看,低剂量的这些药物仍然可以很好地耐受。较高水平的利培酮(> 1毫克/天)通常引起锥体外症状,如僵硬和运动障碍,而较高水平的奥氮平(> 5毫克/天)导致过度镇静。行为障碍的管理是全球痴呆症患者治疗中最重要的目标之一,在一定程度上提高了生活质量。与老一代药物相比,非典型抗精神病药物更可取,因此,它们是我们不能放弃的关键治疗策略。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
5.00%
发文量
198
审稿时长
16 days
期刊介绍: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics provides a medium for the publication of papers from the fields of experimental gerontology and clinical and social geriatrics. The principal aim of the journal is to facilitate the exchange of information between specialists in these three fields of gerontological research. Experimental papers dealing with the basic mechanisms of aging at molecular, cellular, tissue or organ levels will be published. Clinical papers will be accepted if they provide sufficiently new information or are of fundamental importance for the knowledge of human aging. Purely descriptive clinical papers will be accepted only if the results permit further interpretation. Papers dealing with anti-aging pharmacological preparations in humans are welcome. Papers on the social aspects of geriatrics will be accepted if they are of general interest regarding the epidemiology of aging and the efficiency and working methods of the social organizations for the health care of the elderly.
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