Xinyue Kong , Xiangmei Liu , Yufeng Zheng , Paul K. Chu , Yu Zhang , Shuilin Wu
{"title":"Graphitic carbon nitride-based materials for photocatalytic antibacterial application","authors":"Xinyue Kong , Xiangmei Liu , Yufeng Zheng , Paul K. Chu , Yu Zhang , Shuilin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2021.100610","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The prevalence of bacterial infections and resistance to existing antibiotics make new effective antibacterial strategies urgently needed. Photocatalytic antibacterial, an effective strategy relying on exogenous excitation, has drawn increasing attention over the past decades, owing to its controllable, safe, and non-invasive characteristics. Many photoresponsive agents have been developed. With exceptional features of abundance, facile synthesis, suitable band structure, high stability, and low toxicity, metal-free polymeric two-dimensional nanomaterial<span> graphitic carbon nitride (g-C</span></span><sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub><span>) is an attractive photosensitizer for antibiotic-free antibacterial application. In this review, the basic structural characteristics and preparation methods of g-C</span><sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> are summarized. The photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is also discussed. In order to achieve more precise and efficient antibacterial effects, we pay special attention to two aspects: (1) how to increase the utilization of visible light and reduce the recombination of electron-hole pairs, thereby enhancing the production of ROS; and (2) how to obtain effective bacteria-killing activity while maintaining good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, which determines the practical applications of materials. Several significant modification strategies are thus introduced, including structure design, surface modification, element doping, and construction of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub><span>-based heterojunctions. Furthermore, various typical examples of combining the photocatalytic antibacterial effect of g-C</span><sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with other strategies to exert good synergistic effects are summarized. Lastly, the potential challenges and perspectives are offered. This review is expected to inspire more follow-up work to design high-performance g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based materials for photocatalytic antibacterial application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":31.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mser.2021.100610","citationCount":"115","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927796X2100005X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 115
Abstract
The prevalence of bacterial infections and resistance to existing antibiotics make new effective antibacterial strategies urgently needed. Photocatalytic antibacterial, an effective strategy relying on exogenous excitation, has drawn increasing attention over the past decades, owing to its controllable, safe, and non-invasive characteristics. Many photoresponsive agents have been developed. With exceptional features of abundance, facile synthesis, suitable band structure, high stability, and low toxicity, metal-free polymeric two-dimensional nanomaterial graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an attractive photosensitizer for antibiotic-free antibacterial application. In this review, the basic structural characteristics and preparation methods of g-C3N4 are summarized. The photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism of g-C3N4 through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is also discussed. In order to achieve more precise and efficient antibacterial effects, we pay special attention to two aspects: (1) how to increase the utilization of visible light and reduce the recombination of electron-hole pairs, thereby enhancing the production of ROS; and (2) how to obtain effective bacteria-killing activity while maintaining good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, which determines the practical applications of materials. Several significant modification strategies are thus introduced, including structure design, surface modification, element doping, and construction of g-C3N4-based heterojunctions. Furthermore, various typical examples of combining the photocatalytic antibacterial effect of g-C3N4 with other strategies to exert good synergistic effects are summarized. Lastly, the potential challenges and perspectives are offered. This review is expected to inspire more follow-up work to design high-performance g-C3N4-based materials for photocatalytic antibacterial application.
期刊介绍:
Materials Science & Engineering R: Reports is a journal that covers a wide range of topics in the field of materials science and engineering. It publishes both experimental and theoretical research papers, providing background information and critical assessments on various topics. The journal aims to publish high-quality and novel research papers and reviews.
The subject areas covered by the journal include Materials Science (General), Electronic Materials, Optical Materials, and Magnetic Materials. In addition to regular issues, the journal also publishes special issues on key themes in the field of materials science, including Energy Materials, Materials for Health, Materials Discovery, Innovation for High Value Manufacturing, and Sustainable Materials development.