Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports最新文献

High entropy materials (HEMs) are highly effective as a catalyst and can be synthesized by facile methods. Here, we discuss recent advancements in HEMs for Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via electrocatalysis. We introduce newly emerged HEMs in different aspects: advanced synthesis, characterization techniques, and computational tools for analysis relating to the surface, lattice, defect, and interface. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on HEMs and their properties. It also explores rational approaches in the design of emerging HEMs based on first-principles calculations.

HEMs have potential roles as a catalyst in the field of energy production, energy conversion, and energy storage. The properties of HEMs can be enhanced through the integration of various functional materials, aiming for high resilience and excellent efficacy. In this review, we discussed synthesis of HEMs and their roles in the field of electrocatalysis considering theoretical, experimental, and pragmatic approaches.

Chiral organic polymeric semiconductors are widely regarded as promising candidates for circularly polarized light (CPL) detection due to their advantages of easy chemical modification, solution processing and low cost. However, traditional organic polymeric materials face low photoresponsivity and photocurrent asymmetry factor when constructing CPL detectors. To address this issue, we develope single-handed helical polyisocyanides with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) feature to fabricate a donor-acceptor heterojunction photodetector with C₆₀, where efficient triplet exciton utilization enables a high photocurrent response while the static single-handed helical main chains of polyisocyanides ensure a high photocurrent asymmetry factor, simultaneously. Furthermore, the performance of TADF polyisocyanides is conveniencely optimized by copolymerizing the host. Benefiting from the comprehensive functionality of TADF polyisocyanides, the prepared photodetectors exhibit a high responsivity of 0.21 A W⁻¹ and a very high photocurrent asymmetry factor of up to 0.12, which make it superior to the reported CPL photodetectors based on organic polymers. In addition, the detector has excellent reproducibility enabling no photocurrent roll-off after 1000 cycles. The long-term stability in ambient air also manifests its robustness. This work paves a new way for high-efficiency polymers based CPL detectors.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have drawn intensive attention as emitters for their application in light emitting diodes (LEDs). MHPs have been actively studied after the first discovery in 2009 for solar cell applications. They show excellent optoelectronic properties such as high photoluminescence quantum yields, widely tunable band gap, narrow emission width, and high charge-carrier mobility. Chiral MHPs can be utilized as circularly polarized luminescent sources, ferroelectric materials, nonlinear optical materials, etc. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of chiral perovskites as emitting materials and their applications in next generation LEDs. The ability of chiral MHPs to induce a chiral-induced spin selectivity effect positions them as efficient spin-filters in spin-polarized LEDs. Additionally, the combination of chiral properties and optoelectronic features in these MHPs renders them ideal for use as emissive layers in circularly polarized LEDs. This comprehensive discussion aims to deepen understanding of chiroptical properties in chiral MHPs, furthering the development of chiral materials, chiropto-electronics, and spin/CPL-based applications.

The rise of wearable electronics has generated immense opportunity for the researchers to tailor the expanding demand of future electronics. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides and nitrides, exhibit excellent flexibility and other commendable properties, rendering them highly suitable for wearable electronics. This review primarily focuses on the synthesis of MXenes for flexible and wearable application, including methods such as electrospinning, wet-spinning, bi-scrolling, 3D printing, and coating. Furthermore, the review comprehensively discusses the significant advancements and progress made in the field of flexible and wearable MXene-based supercapacitors. It also addresses the challenges and future prospects associated with MXenes as wearable energy storage devices. The integration and development of MXenes-based energy storage devices into other wearable devices holds promise for the future of the electronic industry.

All-solid-state lithium batteries have become a focal point in both academic and industrial circles. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs), amalgamating the benefits of inorganic and polymer electrolytes, offer satisfactory ionic conductivity, robust mechanical properties, and advantageous interfacial interactions with electrodes. Consequently, they have the potential to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries compared to those relying solely on a polymer or inorganic electrolyte. As a kind of polymer/filler composites, the electrochemical and mechanical properties of CPEs are related to the fundamental characteristics of the inorganic phase, polymer phase and polymer/filler interface. This is the first review on the combined electrochemical and mechanical properties as well as their optimization methods from a polymer/filler composites perspective. Herein, a summary of the fabrication methods of zero-, one- and two-dimensional (i.e., 0D, 1D and 2D) inorganic fillers is presented. Also, the dual mechanical properties and ionic conductivity of some typical inorganic fillers and polymers are highlighted. The key factors (e.g., inorganic fillers - category, concentration, size and shape; polymers - category and molecular weight; and polymer/ filler interface) which influence these dual-functional properties are then discussed. Emphasis is given to the polymer/filler interface optimization methods, which serve as routes to improve both the electrochemical and mechanical properties of CPEs. Finally, future research directions are outlined for the development of high-performance CPEs.

Carbon based 2D materials, specifically those of the graphene family, recently gained considerable interest in the study of sensors. It is emerging as a novel and potent material with tunable physicochemical properties such as ballistic conduction, high mechanical strength, a broad spectrum of chemical stability, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, ease of surface functionalization, and the possibility of mass production. This review provides insights into recent advances in graphene-based materials for field-effect transistor-based sensors, electrochemical sensors, and Raman spectroscopy-based sensors. Among the sensing methodologies, those utilizing field-effect transistors demonstrate a high degree of specificity and ultralow sensitivity and are relatively easy to manufacture in large batches with a repeatable sensitivity. Over the last decade, multiple types of sensors based on various graphene-family materials have been researched to detect various types of targets, ranging from biomolecules to heavy metals and chemical pollutants. Owing to their ability to integrate into a portable and rapid test platform, both at the laboratory scale and for point-of-care testing, the graphene family of materials (GFM) is a significantly viable base for sensor fabrication. Electrochemical and Raman spectroscopy-based sensors can provide a robust platform for detection at high-stress environments including fluctuating pH, temperature, and other possible disturbing conditions. The strategies used by researchers to detect specific and ultralow concentrations of analytes in a diverse mixture of targets are elaborated in detail. This review chronologically presents details regarding the GFM ranging from their synthesis to specific application possibilities.

The widespread prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mandates meticulous and continuous monitoring for effective management and treatment. Wearable technologies have garnered substantial attention due to their seamless integration with bodily movements and biological systems. Researchers are actively exploring wearable technology from multidimensional angles, encompassing materials, design, and bioelectronics, to enhance CVD detection with greater sophistication and comfort. Enduring challenges, notably those surrounding material selection, persist, encompassing biocompatibility, conductivity, sensitivity, accuracy, and flexibility. Addressing these challenges is pivotal for adequate progress in wearable devices across many applications. Here, our review highlights the advancements in developing novel materials tailored for wearable technologies to detect cardiovascular diseases. The paper explicitly accentuates potential materials, architectural designs, operative mechanisms, and recent breakthroughs in flexible wearable sensors for CVD detection. The discussion explores diverse sensing mechanisms to monitor vital cardiac indicators, including piezoelectric, piezoresistive, capacitive, and triboelectric modalities. Furthermore, the paper provides a consolidated overview of contemporary efforts by different research teams in pulse wave sensors, heart sound sensors, ultrasound sensors, wearable ECG electrodes, and electro-biochemical sensors. We envision that the comprehensive analysis and juxtaposition of these distinct sensing mechanisms provide a more nuanced comprehension of their potential applications, constraints, and performance attributes within the wearable CVD health monitoring device framework.

The lack of high-performance p-type semiconducting materials hinders the integration of complementary metal-oxide semiconductors with well-established n-type metal-oxide counterparts. Although tin halide perovskites are promising p-type material candidates, their practical implementation is hindered by excessive hole concentrations and difficulties in precisely controlling crystallization, which leads to poor device performance and yield. In this paper, we propose a formate pseudohalide engineering method to overcome these issues and demonstrate high-performance tin perovskite thin-film transistors (TFTs). The incorporation of formate anion greatly suppresses the vacancy defects at the surfaces of the perovskite films with an increase in crystallinity and grain size. This reduces the hole concentration and eliminates the dependence on the addition of excessive tin fluoride for hole suppression. Hence, high-performance TFTs with a high average field-effect hole mobility of 57.34 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and on/off current ratios surpassing 10⁸ can be achieved, approaching p-channel low-temperature polysilicon devices.

Recombination layers are crucial in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in tandem solar cells. Here, we report the development and optimization of recombination junctions for high PCE perovskite-organic tandem solar cells (PO-TSCs). We choose a wide bandgap perovskite (1.79 eV) for the front subcell and a narrow bandgap (1.36 eV) organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) for the rear subcell. The optimal thicknesses of the perovskite and organic layers were determined to be 260 and 100 nm, respectively, based on the analysis of Transfer-Matrix optical simulations. Our results demonstrate that the optimal recombination layer consists of an ultrathin layer of indium zinc oxide IZO (∼ 2 nm) deposited on MoO_x/2PACz, which delivers a PCE of 23.6 %. This high PCE is attributed to the high transparency of the recombination layer in the NIR spectra region and the low sheet resistance of IZO. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical analysis of the potential efficiency of PO-TSCs as a function of front and rear subcells and predict a maximum theoretical PCE value of more than 36 %. Our work highlights the importance of selecting the proper recombination layer design for achieving high-performance PO-TSCs.