Perovskite–organic heterostructure photovoltaics can extend spectral response into the near-infrared while maintaining high photovoltage, yet their efficiencies have trailed best-in-class perovskite single junctions due to interfacial charge accumulation arising from energy-level mismatches, limited carrier mobility, and unfavorable contact at the perovskite/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) interface. Here, we develop a synergistic ternary-D18-Cl:PY-IT:PC71BM-concurrently coordinates morphology and interfacial energetics. The polymeric acceptor PY-IT suppresses excessive aggregation and promotes well-intermixed percolation, while D18-Cl enhances mobility and PC71BM provides an energy “springboard” that alleviates residual donor-induced misalignment. Devices based on this architecture achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 26.19 % with a fill factor above 85 % and outstanding operational stability. Spectroscopy and device diagnostics reveal substantially reduced interfacial charge accumulation, suppressed non-radiative losses, and balanced interfacial transport compared with conventional small-molecule acceptor–dominated BHJs. This work presents a general strategy that links ternary BHJ design to interfacial charge control, offering a pathway for high-efficiency, durable perovskite–organic heterostructure solar cells (HSCs).
{"title":"Coordinating energy-level alignment and morphology in perovskite–organic heterostructures for efficient and stable solar cells","authors":"Ben Fan, Qizhi Jiang, Xingjian Dai, Xiaopeng Xu, Yihui Wu, Qiang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite–organic heterostructure photovoltaics can extend spectral response into the near-infrared while maintaining high photovoltage, yet their efficiencies have trailed best-in-class perovskite single junctions due to interfacial charge accumulation arising from energy-level mismatches, limited carrier mobility, and unfavorable contact at the perovskite/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) interface. Here, we develop a synergistic ternary-D18-Cl:PY-IT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM-concurrently coordinates morphology and interfacial energetics. The polymeric acceptor PY-IT suppresses excessive aggregation and promotes well-intermixed percolation, while D18-Cl enhances mobility and PC71BM provides an energy “springboard” that alleviates residual donor-induced misalignment. Devices based on this architecture achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 26.19 % with a fill factor above 85 % and outstanding operational stability. Spectroscopy and device diagnostics reveal substantially reduced interfacial charge accumulation, suppressed non-radiative losses, and balanced interfacial transport compared with conventional small-molecule acceptor–dominated BHJs. This work presents a general strategy that links ternary BHJ design to interfacial charge control, offering a pathway for high-efficiency, durable perovskite–organic heterostructure solar cells (HSCs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101165"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101155
Tianmei Lyu , Chuanhui Wei , Jin He , Yuxin Ma , Yi Luo , Xiaoxuan Fan , Yiwei Ouyang , Xiao Peng , Kai Dong
As an abundant and biocompatible biopolymer, cellulose exhibits great potential in sustainable triboelectric energy harvesting. However, its inherently weak molecular polarity severely limits mechano-electric conversion performance. Herein, we develop a precision molecular polarity engineering strategy that significantly enhances interfacial charge transfer by grafting strongly electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups onto cellulose macromolecular chains, respectively. This strategy involves a two-step grafting reaction process controlled by steric hindrance effect. Initially, small-molecule intermediates with low steric hindrance are selectively installed onto the highly active C6 hydroxyl groups via a “grafting to” method, establishing well-defined controlled polymerization sites. Subsequently, high-polarity amino/fluoro-containing moieties are precisely introduced through a “grafting from” polymerization, with the grafting degree finely regulated by initiator concentration modulation. Through combined experimental and computational studies, a quantitative structure-property relationship is established, revealing that molecular polarity enhancement can effectively improve interfacial charge transfer efficiency. As a result, the optimized cellulosic triboelectric textile demonstrates a remarkable enhanced charge density of 48.5 μC m−2 with more than four-fold improvement, enabling its successful applications in emergency power systems and self-powered sensors. This work provides a transformative precision molecular polarity engineering strategy for designing next-generation high-performance triboelectric biopolymers.
{"title":"A steric hindrance-directed grafting strategy for precise functionalization of cellulose enabling high-performance triboelectric textiles","authors":"Tianmei Lyu , Chuanhui Wei , Jin He , Yuxin Ma , Yi Luo , Xiaoxuan Fan , Yiwei Ouyang , Xiao Peng , Kai Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an abundant and biocompatible biopolymer, cellulose exhibits great potential in sustainable triboelectric energy harvesting. However, its inherently weak molecular polarity severely limits mechano-electric conversion performance. Herein, we develop a precision molecular polarity engineering strategy that significantly enhances interfacial charge transfer by grafting strongly electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups onto cellulose macromolecular chains, respectively. This strategy involves a two-step grafting reaction process controlled by steric hindrance effect. Initially, small-molecule intermediates with low steric hindrance are selectively installed onto the highly active C6 hydroxyl groups via a “grafting to” method, establishing well-defined controlled polymerization sites. Subsequently, high-polarity amino/fluoro-containing moieties are precisely introduced through a “grafting from” polymerization, with the grafting degree finely regulated by initiator concentration modulation. Through combined experimental and computational studies, a quantitative structure-property relationship is established, revealing that molecular polarity enhancement can effectively improve interfacial charge transfer efficiency. As a result, the optimized cellulosic triboelectric textile demonstrates a remarkable enhanced charge density of 48.5 μC m<sup>−2</sup> with more than four-fold improvement, enabling its successful applications in emergency power systems and self-powered sensors. This work provides a transformative precision molecular polarity engineering strategy for designing next-generation high-performance triboelectric biopolymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101157
Yi Zhang , Xiaoshuang Wang , Bing Liu , Menglin Zhang , Qiangang Fu , Xuemin Yin , Hejun Li
The development of ultrahigh-temperature thermal protection materials (TPMs) with long-term ablation resistance is crucial for high-speed aircraft, where surface heat accumulation and protective layer instability remain key limiting factors for service lifetime. Ultrahigh-temperature TPMs face a critical challenge in balancing active cooling and passive protection during long-term servicing. Inspired by human skin’s thermoregulation and tree rings’ functional partitioning, we present a dual-biomimetic structural design strategy for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites that overcomes this limitation. Through a novel selective-area reactive melt infiltration method and design of thermal conductive rods, we engineered bioinspired C/C composites featuring: (1) high-thermal-conductivity Cu channels mimicking hair shafts for enhanced heat dissipation, (2) a functional partitioning architecture effectively mitigating thermal stress with an ablation-resistant ZrC-Cu core and sweat-cooling SiC-Cu-CuxSiy periphery, and (3) highly stable oxide protective film at ablation surface. This dual-biomimetic structure design synergistically reduces surface heat accumulation and surface temperature (active cooling via heat conduction and dissipation), and promotes a formation of La-stabilized oxide films (relying on regulating the phase transition), enabling the bioinspired C/C composites to achieve thermal protection for 720 s with negligible ablation damage at a high heat flux of 4.18 MW/m2 and a temperature exceeding 2400 °C, which surpass most reported C/C-based TPMs. Our work establishes a new paradigm for designing long-duration TPMs through bioinspired multifunctional integration, with broad implications for aerospace applications and extreme environment materials.
{"title":"Bioinspired C/C composites with long-duration ablation resistance for thermal protection up to 2400 °C","authors":"Yi Zhang , Xiaoshuang Wang , Bing Liu , Menglin Zhang , Qiangang Fu , Xuemin Yin , Hejun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of ultrahigh-temperature thermal protection materials (TPMs) with long-term ablation resistance is crucial for high-speed aircraft, where surface heat accumulation and protective layer instability remain key limiting factors for service lifetime. Ultrahigh-temperature TPMs face a critical challenge in balancing active cooling and passive protection during long-term servicing. Inspired by human skin’s thermoregulation and tree rings’ functional partitioning, we present a dual-biomimetic structural design strategy for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites that overcomes this limitation. Through a novel selective-area reactive melt infiltration method and design of thermal conductive rods, we engineered bioinspired C/C composites featuring: (1) high-thermal-conductivity Cu channels mimicking hair shafts for enhanced heat dissipation, (2) a functional partitioning architecture effectively mitigating thermal stress with an ablation-resistant ZrC-Cu core and sweat-cooling SiC-Cu-Cu<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>y</sub> periphery, and (3) highly stable oxide protective film at ablation surface. This dual-biomimetic structure design synergistically reduces surface heat accumulation and surface temperature (active cooling via heat conduction and dissipation), and promotes a formation of La-stabilized oxide films (relying on regulating the phase transition), enabling the bioinspired C/C composites to achieve thermal protection for 720 s with negligible ablation damage at a high heat flux of 4.18 MW/m<sup>2</sup> and a temperature exceeding 2400 °C, which surpass most reported C/C-based TPMs. Our work establishes a new paradigm for designing long-duration TPMs through bioinspired multifunctional integration, with broad implications for aerospace applications and extreme environment materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101158
Jiaxi Liu , Ana Sofia Oliveira Henriques Moita , Zhiwu Han , Yan Liu
Sensing helps human beings to survive and develop better from the aspects of detecting vital signs, monitoring living environment, ensuring food safety, etc. Although many advanced advances have been made, there are still many issues in the field of surface and interface wettability, which limits the theoretical innovation and application prospects of sensors. Encouragingly, natural organism surfaces exhibit fascinating and specific wetting behaviors, and this special bionic strategy provides an advanced design idea for solving the above problems. Analyzing the essential behavior of droplet motion is crucial for improving sensing performance through wettability regulation, which can inspire novel designs of next-generation sensors from the intrinsic mechanism. Thus, this review aims to analyze the essence of enhancing sensing performance of biomimetic wetting materials from models of droplet contact with surfaces and interfaces. Some naturally wetting surfaces that are currently or potentially related to sensing are first discussed. After analyzing the basic wetting models and mechanisms for improving sensing performance, recent advances in bioinspired wetting materials for sensing are systematically and critically reviewed based on droplet interface behavior. Finally, challenges and prospects of bioinspired wetting materials for sensing are presented.
{"title":"Biomimetic wetting materials for sensing: From the perspective of droplet interface behavior","authors":"Jiaxi Liu , Ana Sofia Oliveira Henriques Moita , Zhiwu Han , Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensing helps human beings to survive and develop better from the aspects of detecting vital signs, monitoring living environment, ensuring food safety, etc. Although many advanced advances have been made, there are still many issues in the field of surface and interface wettability, which limits the theoretical innovation and application prospects of sensors. Encouragingly, natural organism surfaces exhibit fascinating and specific wetting behaviors, and this special bionic strategy provides an advanced design idea for solving the above problems. Analyzing the essential behavior of droplet motion is crucial for improving sensing performance through wettability regulation, which can inspire novel designs of next-generation sensors from the intrinsic mechanism. Thus, this review aims to analyze the essence of enhancing sensing performance of biomimetic wetting materials from models of droplet contact with surfaces and interfaces. Some naturally wetting surfaces that are currently or potentially related to sensing are first discussed. After analyzing the basic wetting models and mechanisms for improving sensing performance, recent advances in bioinspired wetting materials for sensing are systematically and critically reviewed based on droplet interface behavior. Finally, challenges and prospects of bioinspired wetting materials for sensing are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101158"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101149
Ali Bakhshi , Mahya Bakhshi , Kavosh Zandsalimi , Mojtaba Hosseine , Mohammad Reza Daghigh Shirazi , Seyed Morteza Naghib
Chitosan has emerged as a highly versatile biopolymer for the fabrication of functional drug delivery carriers owing to its intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and chemical tunability. Recent advances in multi-dimensional printing have expanded the design space for chitosan-based systems, enabling precise spatial control, tailored mechanical performance, and the incorporation of stimuli-responsive features where required. This review provides a comprehensive overview of chitosan derivatives and composite formulations, summarizing chemical, physical, and biogenic modification strategies that enhance printability, stability, and drug release profiles. Key printing modalities, including extrusion-, photon-, droplet-, and electric field-based methods, are systematically assessed, with dedicated attention to specialized applications such as microneedle fabrication for transdermal delivery. The role of chitosan as an additive and functional coating to improve mechanical and biological performance in printed constructs is also critically examined. Furthermore, we analyze global patent activity, bibliometric trends, and translational pathways, including commercial products, regulatory approvals, and clinical investigations. Despite significant advances, challenges remain in reproducibility, scalability, and the standardization of evaluation methods, particularly for complex architectures and cell-laden systems. Looking ahead, integration with nanostructures, gene delivery approaches, and computational design tools promises to accelerate the development of intelligent, patient-specific carriers. Overall, this review synthesizes the current state of chitosan-based printing, balancing advances in material science and printing technology with translational considerations for biomedical and drug delivery applications.
{"title":"Printing strategies for functional chitosan-based carriers in biomedical and drug delivery applications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ali Bakhshi , Mahya Bakhshi , Kavosh Zandsalimi , Mojtaba Hosseine , Mohammad Reza Daghigh Shirazi , Seyed Morteza Naghib","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan has emerged as a highly versatile biopolymer for the fabrication of functional drug delivery carriers owing to its intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and chemical tunability. Recent advances in multi-dimensional printing have expanded the design space for chitosan-based systems, enabling precise spatial control, tailored mechanical performance, and the incorporation of stimuli-responsive features where required. This review provides a comprehensive overview of chitosan derivatives and composite formulations, summarizing chemical, physical, and biogenic modification strategies that enhance printability, stability, and drug release profiles. Key printing modalities, including extrusion-, photon-, droplet-, and electric field-based methods, are systematically assessed, with dedicated attention to specialized applications such as microneedle fabrication for transdermal delivery. The role of chitosan as an additive and functional coating to improve mechanical and biological performance in printed constructs is also critically examined. Furthermore, we analyze global patent activity, bibliometric trends, and translational pathways, including commercial products, regulatory approvals, and clinical investigations. Despite significant advances, challenges remain in reproducibility, scalability, and the standardization of evaluation methods, particularly for complex architectures and cell-laden systems. Looking ahead, integration with nanostructures, gene delivery approaches, and computational design tools promises to accelerate the development of intelligent, patient-specific carriers. Overall, this review synthesizes the current state of chitosan-based printing, balancing advances in material science and printing technology with translational considerations for biomedical and drug delivery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101148
Shahzaib Ali , Shaheer Mohiuddin Khalil , Faisal Shahzad , Busi Im , Tanveer Hussain , Komsilp Kotmool , Vu Dat Nguyen , Hassan A. Arafat , Dae-Hyun Cho , Doyoung Byun
MXenes hold tremendous promise as printable conductive inks for microelectronic devices, due to their excellent electrical conductivity and solution processability. However, their oxidation susceptibility and poor dispersion in organic solvents hinder the development of highly viscous, organic-based MXene inks, necessary for making micro-supercapacitors via the high-resolution Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet-printing technique. Herein, we present a robust solution by developing alkylated 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (ADOPA) functionalized MXene (ADS-MXene), blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a hybrid organic solvent, to form a stable ADS-MXene(CMC) ink. This ink demonstrated high electrical conductivity (3400 S cm−1), optimal viscosity (∼4 ×10 ³ cP), oxidation resistance and highly stable dispersion for up to 3 months. Utilizing an EHD jet printing process especially optimized for this ink composition, we successfully fabricated ultrahigh-resolution interdigitated micro-supercapacitor electrodes with a line width and gap of 80 µm, achieving an outstanding areal cell density of 6 cells cm⁻². These electrodes experimentally exhibited superior volumetric capacitance of 2013 F cm⁻³, the highest reported to date for a MXene printed micro-supercapacitor device. This remarkable capacitance was further validated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which revealed pronounced charge transfer between ADOPA and MXene, contributing to said stability. Beyond record device metrics, ADS‑MXene(CMC) establishes a reproducible ink process operating window for stable EHD printing, advancing standardization efforts for MXene inks. This approach overcomes longstanding critical processing barriers and opens new avenues for high resolution, ultrahigh capacitance micro-supercapacitors, indispensable for next-generation microelectronics.
由于其优异的导电性和溶液可加工性，MXenes作为微电子设备的可印刷导电油墨具有巨大的前景。然而，它们的氧化敏感性和在有机溶剂中的分散性差阻碍了高粘性有机基MXene油墨的发展，而高粘性有机基MXene油墨是通过高分辨率电流体动力（EHD）喷射打印技术制造微型超级电容器所必需的。在此，我们提出了一种稳定的解决方案，通过开发烷基化3,4-二羟基- l -苯丙氨酸（ADOPA）功能化的MXene(ADS-MXene)，在混合有机溶剂中与羧甲基纤维素（CMC）混合，形成稳定的ADS-MXene（CMC）油墨。该油墨具有高导电性（3400 S cm−1），最佳粘度（~ 4 ×10 ³cP），抗氧化性和高度稳定的分散性长达3个月。利用特别针对这种油墨成分优化的EHD喷射打印工艺，我们成功地制造了线宽和间隙为80 µm的超高分辨率交叉式微型超级电容器电极，实现了6个细胞的面密度cm⁻²。这些电极在实验中表现出优异的体积电容（2013 F cm⁻³），这是迄今为止报道的MXene印刷微型超级电容器器件的最高容量。使用密度泛函理论（DFT）计算进一步验证了这种显著的电容，结果表明ADOPA和MXene之间存在明显的电荷转移，有助于稳定性。除了记录设备指标外，ADS‑MXene（CMC）还为稳定的EHD打印建立了可重复的油墨工艺操作窗口，推进了MXene油墨的标准化工作。这种方法克服了长期存在的关键处理障碍，为下一代微电子技术不可或缺的高分辨率、超高电容微型超级电容器开辟了新的途径。
{"title":"Micro-supercapacitors of exceptionally high capacitance fabricated using intrinsically stable MXene inks via electrohydrodynamic jet printing","authors":"Shahzaib Ali , Shaheer Mohiuddin Khalil , Faisal Shahzad , Busi Im , Tanveer Hussain , Komsilp Kotmool , Vu Dat Nguyen , Hassan A. Arafat , Dae-Hyun Cho , Doyoung Byun","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes hold tremendous promise as printable conductive inks for microelectronic devices, due to their excellent electrical conductivity and solution processability. However, their oxidation susceptibility and poor dispersion in organic solvents hinder the development of highly viscous, organic-based MXene inks, necessary for making micro-supercapacitors via the high-resolution Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet-printing technique. Herein, we present a robust solution by developing alkylated 3,4-dihydroxy-<span>L</span>-phenylalanine (ADOPA) functionalized MXene (ADS-MXene), blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a hybrid organic solvent, to form a stable ADS-MXene<sub>(CMC)</sub> ink. This ink demonstrated high electrical conductivity (3400 S cm<sup>−1</sup>), optimal viscosity (∼4 ×10 ³ cP), oxidation resistance and highly stable dispersion for up to 3 months. Utilizing an EHD jet printing process especially optimized for this ink composition, we successfully fabricated ultrahigh-resolution interdigitated micro-supercapacitor electrodes with a line width and gap of 80 µm, achieving an outstanding areal cell density of 6 cells cm⁻². These electrodes experimentally exhibited superior volumetric capacitance of 2013 F cm⁻³, the highest reported to date for a MXene printed micro-supercapacitor device. This remarkable capacitance was further validated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which revealed pronounced charge transfer between ADOPA and MXene, contributing to said stability. Beyond record device metrics, ADS‑MXene<sub>(CMC)</sub> establishes a reproducible ink process operating window for stable EHD printing, advancing standardization efforts for MXene inks. This approach overcomes longstanding critical processing barriers and opens new avenues for high resolution, ultrahigh capacitance micro-supercapacitors, indispensable for next-generation microelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101151
Muhammad Muddasar , Nazish Jabeen , Mario Culebras , Maurice N. Collins
Lignin, an abundant by-product from the pulp and paper industry, offers a sustainable route to advanced energy materials. Here, we present the first fully lignin-derived ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (i-TE SCs) that seamlessly integrates low-grade thermal energy harvesting and electrochemical energy storage within a single, sustainable device. A chemically crosslinked lignin hydrogel (LH-1.0) functions as the ionic thermoelectric electrolyte, exhibiting a high Seebeck coefficient of 9.4 ± 0.9 mV/K, an ionic conductivity of 93.63 mS/cm, a low thermal conductivity of 0.45 W/mK, and a significant ionic Figure of Merit (ZTi) of 0.55. Upon carbonization, the same lignin precursor produces a porous activated carbon electrode (LC-1.5) with a high specific capacitance of 262.5 F/g at 0.25 A/g, excellent rate capability, and 94.7 % retention over 5000 cycles. These components are integrated into an i-TE SC, delivering an output power density of 6.24 mW/m2 under an 8 K temperature gradient. This dual-functionality, derived entirely from lignin, offers a novel pathway toward sustainable and multifunctional energy devices for next-generation wearables, sensors, and low-grade heat utilisation.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights and performance of fully lignin-based hydrogels for next-generation ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors","authors":"Muhammad Muddasar , Nazish Jabeen , Mario Culebras , Maurice N. Collins","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin, an abundant by-product from the pulp and paper industry, offers a sustainable route to advanced energy materials. Here, we present the first fully lignin-derived ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (i-TE SCs) that seamlessly integrates low-grade thermal energy harvesting and electrochemical energy storage within a single, sustainable device. A chemically crosslinked lignin hydrogel (LH-1.0) functions as the ionic thermoelectric electrolyte, exhibiting a high Seebeck coefficient of 9.4 ± 0.9 mV/K, an ionic conductivity of 93.63 mS/cm, a low thermal conductivity of 0.45 W/mK, and a significant ionic Figure of Merit (ZTi) of 0.55. Upon carbonization, the same lignin precursor produces a porous activated carbon electrode (LC-1.5) with a high specific capacitance of 262.5 F/g at 0.25 A/g, excellent rate capability, and 94.7 % retention over 5000 cycles. These components are integrated into an i-TE SC, delivering an output power density of 6.24 mW/m<sup>2</sup> under an 8 K temperature gradient. This dual-functionality, derived entirely from lignin, offers a novel pathway toward sustainable and multifunctional energy devices for next-generation wearables, sensors, and low-grade heat utilisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101151"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101150
Chenyang Cai , Xin Zhao , Guixian Dong , Xiaodan Wu , Chunxiang Ding , Wenbo Chen , Guanben Du
The increasing global energy demand necessitates the development of thermal management materials with robust structural stability, multifunctionality, and superior thermal control performance. Although synthetic polymers, 2D materials, and ceramics possess inherent thermal performance, their widespread application is still limited by high costs, complex processing, and environmental concerns. Nanocellulose, owing to its eco-friendly nature, exceptional chemical network (hydrogen bonding), and unique micro- and nanoscale structures, has emerged as an up-and-coming candidate for the construction of functional thermal regulatory materials. By structurally designing and modifying cellulose to optimise its thermal performance and functionality, addressing its highly crystalline structure, heat-diffusion barriers, and scalability, next-generation multifunctional cellulose-based thermal management materials can meet the growing demand for multi-scenario applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of rationally designed nanocellulose-based composites for thermal energy regulation, underpinned by fundamental heat-transfer mechanisms including conduction, radiation, and storage. We systematically categorise these materials into four groups: thermal insulators, thermal conductors, radiative coolers, and phase-change composites. Beginning with an examination of the intrinsic mechanical, optical, and thermal attributes of nanocellulose, we establish a detailed structure-property-application framework through the lens of interface engineering, hybridisation strategies, and microstructural control. Furthermore, we delve into the latest advancements in nanocellulose-based thermal management materials in thermal storage/release aerogels, flexible thermal conductive heat dissipation films, thermal insulation aerogels, and passive radiative cooling materials. Meanwhile, their applications in energy-saving buildings, wearable personal thermal management, solar cell integration, electronic device thermal management, power generation, and water collection have been explored. Finally, we discuss the future outlook and potential breakthroughs for multifunctional cellulose-based materials in thermal energy regulation.
{"title":"Engineering nanocellulose composites for next-generation thermoregulation: Harnessing the structure-property nexus for diverse applications","authors":"Chenyang Cai , Xin Zhao , Guixian Dong , Xiaodan Wu , Chunxiang Ding , Wenbo Chen , Guanben Du","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global energy demand necessitates the development of thermal management materials with robust structural stability, multifunctionality, and superior thermal control performance. Although synthetic polymers, 2D materials, and ceramics possess inherent thermal performance, their widespread application is still limited by high costs, complex processing, and environmental concerns. Nanocellulose, owing to its eco-friendly nature, exceptional chemical network (hydrogen bonding), and unique micro- and nanoscale structures, has emerged as an up-and-coming candidate for the construction of functional thermal regulatory materials. By structurally designing and modifying cellulose to optimise its thermal performance and functionality, addressing its highly crystalline structure, heat-diffusion barriers, and scalability, next-generation multifunctional cellulose-based thermal management materials can meet the growing demand for multi-scenario applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of rationally designed nanocellulose-based composites for thermal energy regulation, underpinned by fundamental heat-transfer mechanisms including conduction, radiation, and storage. We systematically categorise these materials into four groups: thermal insulators, thermal conductors, radiative coolers, and phase-change composites. Beginning with an examination of the intrinsic mechanical, optical, and thermal attributes of nanocellulose, we establish a detailed structure-property-application framework through the lens of interface engineering, hybridisation strategies, and microstructural control. Furthermore, we delve into the latest advancements in nanocellulose-based thermal management materials in thermal storage/release aerogels, flexible thermal conductive heat dissipation films, thermal insulation aerogels, and passive radiative cooling materials. Meanwhile, their applications in energy-saving buildings, wearable personal thermal management, solar cell integration, electronic device thermal management, power generation, and water collection have been explored. Finally, we discuss the future outlook and potential breakthroughs for multifunctional cellulose-based materials in thermal energy regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have significantly advanced biosensor technology owing to their large surface area, electronically tuneable nature, and mechanical flexibility. However, the majority of 2D materials suffer from limitations such as environmental instability, limited sensitivity, and difficulty in functionalization. Hybridization of 2D materials with inorganic, organic, or biological components offers a strategic solution, enhancing the performance of biosensors through synergistic effects. This review addresses the emerging trends in 2D hybrid-based biosensors with a focus on the well-known materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus, and MXenes, where “2D hybrids” represent heterostructures combining 2D materials with carbon, metal nanoparticles, polymers, metal oxides and other functional materials. Their integration enables superior performance on electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and field-effect transistor (FET) biosensing platforms. Moreover, recent advancements in flexible and wearable biosensors and the incorporation of wireless (Wi-Fi) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have encouraged real-time health, food safety, and sustainable environmental monitoring. In spite of these developments, issues such as scalable synthesis, long-term stability of materials, and biosafety remain. The way forward involves the creation of green synthesis techniques, adaptive hybrid structures, and AI-driven data analysis to improve sensitivity, durability, and prediction capabilities. In general, 2D hybrid-based biosensors have great potential for next-generation diagnostics, providing avenues toward intelligent, connected, and sustainable sensing systems.
{"title":"Emerging trends and smart integration of wireless and artificial intelligence in 2D hybrid materials-based biosensors","authors":"Chendruru Geya Sree , Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao , Adhimoorthy Saravanan , Balamurugan Devadas , Karel Bouzek","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) materials have significantly advanced biosensor technology owing to their large surface area, electronically tuneable nature, and mechanical flexibility. However, the majority of 2D materials suffer from limitations such as environmental instability, limited sensitivity, and difficulty in functionalization. Hybridization of 2D materials with inorganic, organic, or biological components offers a strategic solution, enhancing the performance of biosensors through synergistic effects. This review addresses the emerging trends in 2D hybrid-based biosensors with a focus on the well-known materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus, and MXenes, where “2D hybrids” represent heterostructures combining 2D materials with carbon, metal nanoparticles, polymers, metal oxides and other functional materials. Their integration enables superior performance on electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and field-effect transistor (FET) biosensing platforms. Moreover, recent advancements in flexible and wearable biosensors and the incorporation of wireless (Wi-Fi) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have encouraged real-time health, food safety, and sustainable environmental monitoring. In spite of these developments, issues such as scalable synthesis, long-term stability of materials, and biosafety remain. The way forward involves the creation of green synthesis techniques, adaptive hybrid structures, and AI-driven data analysis to improve sensitivity, durability, and prediction capabilities. In general, 2D hybrid-based biosensors have great potential for next-generation diagnostics, providing avenues toward intelligent, connected, and sustainable sensing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101147
Xinyu Wang , Sichen Huo , Yanjie Chen , Zhuang Cai , Gengtao Fu , Ying Dai , Jinlong Zou
Orbital hybridization effect, an electronic structural characteristic arising from the linear combination of atomic orbitals, has emerged as a crucial strategy for tuning the electronic structure of catalysts. Despite significant progress, fully understanding the structure-activity relationship between orbital hybridization, electronic structure, and catalytic performance remains a major challenge, particularly in the field of electrocatalysis. This review summarizes the latest advances in the coupling regulation of d-orbital hybridization in transition metal catalysts (TMCs) and systematically elucidates their pivotal role in electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms. This review first discusses the basic concepts and various types of d-orbital hybridization in TMCs, including d-d, d-p, d-f, and d-p-f hybridization, emphasizing their influence on intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and orbital interactions. Additionally, the review systematically summarizes key orbital hybridization engineering strategies, including alloying, doping, dual-atom sites, support-assisted methods, and interface engineering, and elucidates specific approaches for precisely tuning the electronic configuration of TMC active sites to optimize intermediate adsorption behavior. Building on this, it further analyzes several typical catalytic reaction mechanisms, highlighting the advantages of d-orbital hybridization in enhancing catalytic performance. Finally, it addresses the main challenges of orbital hybridization regulation in TMC electrocatalysis and offers new insights and perspectives for its future development in other catalytic applications.
{"title":"d-orbital hybridization in transition metal electrocatalysts: Correlating electronic structure with catalytic performance","authors":"Xinyu Wang , Sichen Huo , Yanjie Chen , Zhuang Cai , Gengtao Fu , Ying Dai , Jinlong Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orbital hybridization effect, an electronic structural characteristic arising from the linear combination of atomic orbitals, has emerged as a crucial strategy for tuning the electronic structure of catalysts. Despite significant progress, fully understanding the structure-activity relationship between orbital hybridization, electronic structure, and catalytic performance remains a major challenge, particularly in the field of electrocatalysis. This review summarizes the latest advances in the coupling regulation of <em>d</em>-orbital hybridization in transition metal catalysts (TMCs) and systematically elucidates their pivotal role in electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms. This review first discusses the basic concepts and various types of <em>d</em>-orbital hybridization in TMCs, including <em>d</em>-<em>d</em>, <em>d</em>-<em>p</em>, <em>d</em>-<em>f</em>, and <em>d</em>-<em>p</em>-<em>f</em> hybridization, emphasizing their influence on intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and orbital interactions. Additionally, the review systematically summarizes key orbital hybridization engineering strategies, including alloying, doping, dual-atom sites, support-assisted methods, and interface engineering, and elucidates specific approaches for precisely tuning the electronic configuration of TMC active sites to optimize intermediate adsorption behavior. Building on this, it further analyzes several typical catalytic reaction mechanisms, highlighting the advantages of <em>d</em>-orbital hybridization in enhancing catalytic performance. Finally, it addresses the main challenges of orbital hybridization regulation in TMC electrocatalysis and offers new insights and perspectives for its future development in other catalytic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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