[Origin and genetic diversity of Mongolian and Chinese sheep using mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences].

Yu-Zhu Luo, Shu-Ru Cheng, Lkhagva Batsuuri, D Badamdorj, Hanotte Olivier, Jian-Lin Han
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Abstract

To determine the origin and gene diversity of the Chinese and Mongolian domestic sheep, a partial fragment of mitochondrial DNA D-loop was sequenced for total number of 314 individuals from nine Chinese sheep populations and 11 Mongolian sheep populations. The results show no difference in nucleotide composition between Chinese and Mongolian sheep mtDNA D-loop sequences. However, more variables were identified in Mongolian sheep (26.85% of the sites) than that in Chinese sheep (24.22%). In China, mtDNA haplotype diversity was the highest in Qinghai Tibetan sheep, followed then by Gansu Tibetan sheep, Gansu Alpine Merino, Qinghai Merino, Gannan Tibetan sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep, Tan sheep, Hu sheep and Minxian Black Fur sheep. In Mongolian sheep, mtDNA haplotype diversity was the highest in Bayad and Baidrag populations and the lowest in the Gobi-Altai population. In general, Mongolian sheep have a richer genetic diversity than the Chinese ones with larger number of haplotypes (86.06% (142/165) versus 78.83% (108/137)), higher haplotype diversity (Hd; 0.976 versus 0.936), higher nucleotide diversity (Pi (pi); 0. 036 versus 0.034) and higher average number of nucleotide differences (k; 23.50 versus 22.48). Phylogenetic analysis of the 217 haplotypes identified in both Mongolian and Chinese sheep supported the same origin of their domestication with three distinct maternal lineages defined as major haplotypes A, B and C, of which haplotype A are the commonest in all Chinese sheep populations and in the majority of Mongolian sheep populations (9/11) with an average frequency of 58.73%, followed by haplotype B present in eight of Chinese population and in all Mongolian sheep populations with an average frequency of 24.68%, and haplotype C present in eight Chinese and in 10 Mongolian sheep populations with an average frequency of 16.59%. Further network analysis of the phylogenetic relationship of the 87 haplotypes identified from 91 sequences retrieved from GenBank together with the 217 haplotypes detected in this study reveals clearly four distinct lineages with the European mouflon (O. musimon) mixed into one of the lineages (haplotype B). There is no evidence of contribution of Argali sheep (O. ammon), O. vignei bochariensis and/or O. ammon nigrimontana to the maternal origin of both Mongolian and Chinese domestic sheep.

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[利用线粒体DNA D-loop序列分析蒙古羊和中国羊的起源和遗传多样性]。
为了确定中国和蒙古家羊的起源和基因多样性,对来自9个中国羊群体和11个蒙古羊群体的314个个体的线粒体DNA d -环部分片段进行了测序。结果表明,中国和蒙古绵羊mtDNA D-loop序列的核苷酸组成没有差异。然而,蒙古羊(26.85%)比中国羊(24.22%)鉴定出更多的变量。在中国,青海藏羊的mtDNA单倍型多样性最高,其次是甘肃藏羊、甘肃高山美利奴羊、青海美利奴羊、甘南藏羊、小尾汉羊、滩羊、胡羊和岷县黑毛羊。蒙古羊mtDNA单倍型多样性以巴亚德和白拖格居群最高,戈壁-阿尔泰居群最低。总体而言,蒙古羊的遗传多样性较中国羊丰富,单倍型数量较多(86.06%(142/165)比78.83%(108/137)),单倍型多样性较高(Hd;0.976 vs 0.936),核苷酸多样性较高(Pi (Pi);0. 036 vs 0.034)和更高的平均核苷酸差异数(k;23.50对22.48)。对蒙古羊和中国羊的217个单倍型的系统发育分析表明,蒙古羊和中国羊的驯化起源相同,母系有3个不同的主要单倍型A、B和C,其中单倍型A在所有中国羊群体中最常见,在大多数蒙古羊群体中(9/11)最常见,平均频率为58.73%。其次是8个中国群体和所有蒙古羊群体中存在B单倍型,平均频率为24.68%;8个中国群体和10个蒙古羊群体中存在C单倍型,平均频率为16.59%。对从基因库检索到的91个序列中鉴定出的87个单倍型与本研究中检测到的217个单倍型的系统发育关系进行进一步的网络分析,明确显示了4个不同的谱系,其中欧洲毛羊(O. musimon)混合在其中一个谱系(单倍型B)中。没有证据表明阿加利羊(O. ammon)、O. vignei bochariensis和/或O. ammon nigrimontana与蒙古和中国家羊的母系起源有关。
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