[Current views on the etiopathogenesis of goiter in children].

Małgorzata Brzozowska, Adam Kretowski
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Abstract

The most frequent cause of goiter in children is a deficit of iodine, leading to endemia of goiter in the regions with insufficient supplementation of this element. Goiter occurs also in the course of autoimmunological diseases of the thyroid gland (Hashimoto disease, Graves' disease), genetically-related disorders of thyroid hormones, biosynthesis/impaired biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. According to the theory of goiter pathogenesis, excessive enlargement of the thyroid gland is due to adaptation of follicle cells of the gland aiming at neutralizing the impaired synthesis of the thyroid hormones caused by various intrathyroid, environmental and genetic factors/agents. The mechanisms stimulating thyrocytes to hyperplasia or hypertrophy are very complex and still unknown in spite of having identified many physiological and pathogenetic factors connected with goiter.

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【儿童甲状腺肿发病机制的研究现状】。
儿童甲状腺肿最常见的原因是缺碘,在碘补充不足的地区导致甲状腺肿。甲状腺肿也发生在甲状腺自身免疫性疾病(桥本病、格雷夫斯病)、甲状腺激素遗传相关疾病、甲状腺激素生物合成/生物合成受损的过程中。根据甲状腺肿的发病机理,甲状腺的过度肿大是由于腺体的滤泡细胞为了中和各种甲状腺内、环境和遗传因素/因素造成的甲状腺激素合成受损而进行的适应性调节。刺激甲状腺细胞增生或肥大的机制非常复杂,尽管已经确定了许多与甲状腺肿有关的生理和病理因素,但仍不清楚。
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[Evaluation of final height in patients with pituitary growth hormone deficiency who were treated with growth hormone replacement]. [Current views on the etiopathogenesis of goiter in children]. [Guidelines concerning insulin dosage in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion]. [Familial precocious puberty -- a variant of norm or pathology?]. [Growth failure in a boy with Klinefelter syndrome and IUGR].
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