{"title":"Folded, undulating, and fibrous doxorubicin sulfate crystals in liposomes","authors":"Eiichi Yamamoto PhD , Naoki Hosogi PhD , Yuki Takechi-Haraya PhD , Ken-ichi Izutsu PhD , Nahoko Uchiyama PhD , Yukihiro Goda PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2022.102631","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>High-resolution cryogenic transmission electron microscopy<span><span> (cryo-TEM) evidenced that doxorubicin sulfate crystals in </span>liposomes (prepared by remote loading with ammonium sulfate) form folded, undulating, and fibrous crystals with a diameter of approximately 2.4 </span></span>nm<span>. An undulating, fibrous crystal considered to be undergrowth, in addition to bundles of fibrous crystals, was also observed in doxorubicin-loaded liposomes. This explains the validity of the formation of doxorubicin sulfate crystals of various shapes, e.g., curved, U-shaped, or circular, in addition to cylinder and/or rod-like crystals reported in the literature. Liposomes that do not contain crystals have inner aqueous phases with high electron density, suggesting that the doxorubicin is remotely loaded and remains as a solute without precipitation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":396,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1549963422001174","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
High-resolution cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) evidenced that doxorubicin sulfate crystals in liposomes (prepared by remote loading with ammonium sulfate) form folded, undulating, and fibrous crystals with a diameter of approximately 2.4 nm. An undulating, fibrous crystal considered to be undergrowth, in addition to bundles of fibrous crystals, was also observed in doxorubicin-loaded liposomes. This explains the validity of the formation of doxorubicin sulfate crystals of various shapes, e.g., curved, U-shaped, or circular, in addition to cylinder and/or rod-like crystals reported in the literature. Liposomes that do not contain crystals have inner aqueous phases with high electron density, suggesting that the doxorubicin is remotely loaded and remains as a solute without precipitation.
期刊介绍：
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine (NBM) is an international, peer-reviewed journal presenting novel, significant, and interdisciplinary theoretical and experimental results related to nanoscience and nanotechnology in the life and health sciences. Content includes basic, translational, and clinical research addressing diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prediction, and prevention of diseases.
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