Evaluation of the acetaldehyde production and degradation potential of 26 enological Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast strains in a resting cell model system.

Abstract

Acetaldehyde is relevant for wine aroma, wine color, and microbiological stability. Yeast are known to play a crucial role in production and utilization of acetaldehyde during fermentations but comparative quantitative data are scarce. This research evaluated the acetaldehyde metabolism of 26 yeast strains, including commercial Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces, in a reproducible resting cell model system. Acetaldehyde kinetics and peak values were highly genus, species, and strain dependent. Peak acetaldehyde values varied from 2.2 to 189.4 mg l(-1) and correlated well (r(2) = 0.92) with the acetaldehyde production yield coefficients that ranged from 0.4 to 42 mg acetaldehyde per g of glucose in absence of SO(2). S. pombe showed the highest acetaldehyde production yield coefficients and peak values. All other non-Saccharomyces species produced significantly less acetaldehyde than the S. cerevisiae strains and were less affected by SO(2) additions. All yeast strains could degrade acetaldehyde as sole substrate, but the acetaldehyde degradation rates did not correlate with acetaldehyde peak values or acetaldehyde production yield coefficients in incubations with glucose as sole substrate.