{"title":"Biomarkers from Secondary Complications in Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Hani Alostaz, Li Cai","doi":"10.1007/s40495-021-00268-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In the USA, spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs in 40 people per million every year due to events such as car accidents, falls, violence, or sports injury. Secondary complications that arise from SCI are life-threatening and should be treated as early as possible. In some cases, it is not completely obvious what complication a patient may have until it is too late. Therefore, biomarkers are required to assess the levels of secondary complications after SCI. As there are several complications that pose different warning signs, different biomarkers may be beneficial in early detection, maintenance, and long-term care for patients with SCI.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Numerous studies have been conducted on biomarkers in various SCI and its related complications, such as neuropathic pain and deep vein thrombosis. In recent years, research has expanded with biomarkers discovered by cellular and molecular, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, bioinformatics, and clinical studies. Biomarkers have allowed early prediction of the severity of secondary complications due to SCI.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we summarize recent studies on the common biomarkers for the secondary complications related to SCI. We highlight the reliable biomarkers that have been tested, e.g., sclerostin, NGF, D-dimer, oncostatin M (OSM), microbiota, and C-reactive protein, which are valuable and with clinical importance. This review also emphasizes continuing research in biomarkers as they can provide valuable cellular and molecular insight into secondary complications after SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":11139,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmacology Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491488/pdf/nihms-1835858.pdf","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Pharmacology Reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-021-00268-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/12/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Purpose of review: In the USA, spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs in 40 people per million every year due to events such as car accidents, falls, violence, or sports injury. Secondary complications that arise from SCI are life-threatening and should be treated as early as possible. In some cases, it is not completely obvious what complication a patient may have until it is too late. Therefore, biomarkers are required to assess the levels of secondary complications after SCI. As there are several complications that pose different warning signs, different biomarkers may be beneficial in early detection, maintenance, and long-term care for patients with SCI.
Recent findings: Numerous studies have been conducted on biomarkers in various SCI and its related complications, such as neuropathic pain and deep vein thrombosis. In recent years, research has expanded with biomarkers discovered by cellular and molecular, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, bioinformatics, and clinical studies. Biomarkers have allowed early prediction of the severity of secondary complications due to SCI.
Summary: In this review, we summarize recent studies on the common biomarkers for the secondary complications related to SCI. We highlight the reliable biomarkers that have been tested, e.g., sclerostin, NGF, D-dimer, oncostatin M (OSM), microbiota, and C-reactive protein, which are valuable and with clinical importance. This review also emphasizes continuing research in biomarkers as they can provide valuable cellular and molecular insight into secondary complications after SCI.
期刊介绍：
Current Pharmacology Reports will: publish cutting-edge reviews on subjects pertinent to all aspects of pharmacology, including drug discovery and development.provide incisive, insightful, and balanced contributions from international leading experts.interest a wide readership of basic scientists and translational investigators in academia and in industry. The Current Pharmacology Reports journal accomplishes its goal by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as: epigenetics and epigenomics, chemoinformatics and rational drug design and target discovery, drug delivery and biomaterial, pharmacogenomics and molecular targets and biomarkers, chemical/drug/molecular toxicology, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME), pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), Modeling & Simulation (M&S) and pharmacometrics, and other related topics in pharmacology including neurology/central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, cancer, among others. Section Editors for Current Pharmacology Reports select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided. This journal publishes on a bi-monthly schedule.Please submit here: https://www.editorialmanager.com/phar/default.aspx
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