{"title":"Overview of Neurotoxicology","authors":"Lucio G. Costa","doi":"10.1002/cptx.36","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nervous system has a central and primary function in the body, and its relevance and complexity make it a target for a large number of toxic substances. The most common forms of neurotoxicity are the death of neurons (neuronopathy), the degeneration of axons (axonopathy), damage to glial cells (e.g., myelinopathy), and interference with the axonal membrane or neurotransmission. Important neurotoxicants are found among pesticides, metals, solvents, natural substances, and industrial chemicals. Environmental chemicals may also contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Specific testing guidelines exist to assess potential neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity in particular, and novel alternative testing approaches are being developed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":72743,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in toxicology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cptx.36","citationCount":"9","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current protocols in toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cptx.36","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Abstract
The nervous system has a central and primary function in the body, and its relevance and complexity make it a target for a large number of toxic substances. The most common forms of neurotoxicity are the death of neurons (neuronopathy), the degeneration of axons (axonopathy), damage to glial cells (e.g., myelinopathy), and interference with the axonal membrane or neurotransmission. Important neurotoxicants are found among pesticides, metals, solvents, natural substances, and industrial chemicals. Environmental chemicals may also contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Specific testing guidelines exist to assess potential neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity in particular, and novel alternative testing approaches are being developed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
神经毒理学综述
神经系统在人体中具有中枢和主要功能,其相关性和复杂性使其成为大量有毒物质的目标。最常见的神经毒性形式是神经元死亡(神经病)、轴突变性(轴突病)、神经胶质细胞损伤(如髓鞘病)、轴突膜或神经传递受到干扰。重要的神经毒物存在于杀虫剂、金属、溶剂、天然物质和工业化学品中。环境化学物质也可能促进神经发育、神经精神和神经退行性疾病的发病机制。目前存在评估潜在神经毒性和发育性神经毒性的具体测试指南,并且正在开发新的替代测试方法。©2017 by John Wiley &儿子,Inc。
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