[END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE, DIALYSIS TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF COMORBIDITY].

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is clearly defined as a state of damaged kidney function lasting for more than three months. Changes manifest in serum and urine pathological findings with frequent morphological changes in the kidneys and reduction in glomerular filtration. The aim is to show the possibilities of renal replacement therapy and waste related disease during dialysis treatment. The methods are based on strong evidence and guidelines. Glomerular filtration is the basis in evaluating the stage of chronic kidney disease. Based on the measures of glomerular filtration reduction, chronic kidney disease is classified into five stages, thus facilitating approach to treatment of particular groups of patients depending on the level of glomerular filtration damage. Kidney function can be replaced by dialysis or transplantation and in certain cases symptomatically if the patient refuses dialysis treatment. Malnutrition, hypertension, kidney anemia and bone-mineral disease are often present in patients with higher stages of chronic kidney disease, particularly stage 5 and kidney function replacement by dialysis. In conclusion, timely treatment reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.