Case Report: First Coinfection Report of Mixed Leishmania infantum/Leishmania major and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Report of a Case of Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran.

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is the third most common opportunistic disease in immunosuppressed patients, such as those affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Although the reports have been characterized as Leishmania/HIV coinfections, the occurrence of a mixed infection by two Leishmania species in HIV-positive patients is rare. Here, we present an atypical case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) in a 26-year-old HIV-positive man. The diagnosis of DCL was established using skin biopsy and histopathology examinations and confirmed by molecular techniques. This is the first case of a Leishmania/HIV coinfection due to a mixed infection of Leishmania infantum/Leishmania major in Iran.