MutL protein homologue 1(MLH1) in colon adenocarcinomas of the dog: minireview.

Abstract

The mismatch repair gene MLH1 is a gene encoding the mismatch repair protein MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), important for repairing mutations generated during DNA replication. MLH1 absence has been observed in human gastrointestinal tumours as well as tumours of the female reproductive tract. We describe the functions of MLH 1 in cell cycle regulation and DNA mismatch repair. In this sense we discuss foriegn knowledges, in which the canine colon adencarcinoma is less frequently diagnosed in Czech and Slovak regions. We briefly described a molecular mechanism of evolution of MSI+ and MSI- colorectal carcinomas in human, and this was confronted with the current opinion of canine colon adenocarcinomas. We suppose that canine colon adenocarcinomas may occur in higher frequency, but they are underdiagnosed in the clinical veterinary practice. At the end, we describe two cases of dogs diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. The authors propose the centralized collection of colon adenocarcinoma samples from dogs, in one reference veterinary histopathological laboratory, which would analyse mismatch repair proteins.