Phylogeny of dermatophytes with genomic character evaluation of clinically distinct Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum

IF 14.1 1区生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Studies in Mycology Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.004

P. Zhan , K. Dukik , D. Li , J. Sun , J.B. Stielow , B. Gerrits van den Ende , B. Brankovics , S.B.J. Menken , H. Mei , W. Bao , G. Lv , W. Liu , G.S. de Hoog

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引用次数: 45

Abstract

Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum are prevalent agents of human dermatophyte infections, the former being found on glabrous skin and nail, while the latter is confined to the scalp. The two species are phenotypically different but are highly similar phylogenetically. The taxonomy of dermatophytes is currently being reconsidered on the basis of molecular phylogeny. Molecular species definitions do not always coincide with existing concepts which are guided by ecological and clinical principles. In this article, we aim to bring phylogenetic and ecological data together in an attempt to develop new species concepts for anthropophilic dermatophytes. Focus is on the T. rubrum complex with analysis of rDNA ITS supplemented with LSU, TUB2, TEF3 and ribosomal protein L10 gene sequences. In order to explore genomic differences between T. rubrum and T. violaceum, one representative for both species was whole genome sequenced. Draft sequences were compared with currently available dermatophyte genomes. Potential virulence factors of adhesins and secreted proteases were predicted and compared phylogenetically. General phylogeny showed clear gaps between geophilic species of Arthroderma, but multilocus distances between species were often very small in the derived anthropophilic and zoophilic genus Trichophyton. Significant genome conservation between T. rubrum and T. violaceum was observed, with a high similarity at the nucleic acid level of 99.38 % identity. Trichophyton violaceum contains more paralogs than T. rubrum. About 30 adhesion genes were predicted among dermatophytes. Seventeen adhesins were common between T. rubrum and T. violaceum, while four were specific for the former and eight for the latter. Phylogenetic analysis of secreted proteases reveals considerable expansion and conservation among the analyzed species. Multilocus phylogeny and genome comparison of T. rubrum and T. violaceum underlined their close affinity. The possibility that they represent a single species exhibiting different phenotypes due to different localizations on the human body is discussed.

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临床不同毛癣菌与紫毛癣菌的系统发育及基因组特征评价

红毛癣菌和紫毛癣菌是人类皮肤真菌感染的常见病原体，前者存在于无毛皮肤和指甲上，而后者局限于头皮。这两个物种在表型上不同，但在系统发育上非常相似。目前正在分子系统发育的基础上重新考虑皮肤植物的分类。分子物种的定义并不总是与由生态学和临床原则指导的现有概念一致。在本文中，我们的目的是将系统发育和生态数据结合在一起，试图为嗜人皮肤植物开发新的物种概念。重点分析了rubrum t复合体的rDNA ITS，分析了LSU、TUB2、TEF3和核糖体蛋白L10基因序列。为了探究红毡毡和紫毡毡的基因组差异，对两种植物的一个代表进行了全基因组测序。将草图序列与现有的皮肤真菌基因组进行比较。对粘附素和分泌蛋白酶的潜在毒力因子进行了预测和系统发育比较。一般的系统发育表明，在节肢动物的亲地物种之间存在明显的差距，但在衍生的亲人和亲动物属中，物种之间的多位点距离往往很小。红毡草与紫毡草具有显著的基因组保守性，在核酸水平上具有99.38%的相似性。紫毛癣菌比红毛癣菌含有更多的类似物。在皮癣菌中预测了约30个粘附基因。红草与紫草共有17种黏附素，红草有4种黏附素，紫草有8种黏附素。分泌蛋白酶的系统发育分析表明，在所分析的物种中有相当大的扩展和保守性。红毡和紫毡的多位点系统发育和基因组比较显示了它们的亲缘关系。可能性，他们代表一个单一的物种表现出不同的表型，由于不同的定位在人体进行了讨论。

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来源期刊

Studies in Mycology 生物-真菌学

CiteScore

35.60

自引率

3.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The international journal Studies in Mycology focuses on advancing the understanding of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and various aspects of mycology. It publishes comprehensive systematic monographs as well as topical issues covering a wide range of subjects including biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, and systematics. This Open-Access journal offers unrestricted access to its content. Each issue of Studies in Mycology consists of around 5 to 6 papers, either in the form of monographs or special focused topics. Unlike traditional length restrictions, the journal encourages submissions of manuscripts with a minimum of 50 A4 pages in print. This ensures a thorough exploration and presentation of the research findings, maximizing the depth of the published work.