Studies in Mycology最新文献

Acer (Sapindaceae) is a major genus of broadleaf trees dominating deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, with Asia exhibiting the highest species diversity. Many economically important Acer species are cultivated for ornamental or timber purposes. Acer powdery mildew, caused by fungi in the tribe Cystotheceae, poses significant global economic and ecological threats. The pathogenicity spectrum remains unclear due to taxonomic uncertainties in its primary causal genera, Sawadaea and Takamatsuella. This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic-taxonomic analysis of the two genera across East Asia, Europe, and North America. Using 75 ITS and 58 28S rDNA newly obtained sequences, we resolved 12 Sawadaea species and one Takamatsuella species into nine monophyletic clades, revealing marked cryptic diversity (three new species: S. acerina, S. aceris-arguti, S. taii) and two paraphyletic groups (S. bifida/S. negundinis). Taxonomic revisions include: S. bicornis split into two formae (f. bicornis and f. polyphaga f. nov.) with distinct host preferences; S. tulasnei (sensu stricto) restricted to Europe/North America, invalidating previous Asian records; S. nankinensis and S. koelreuteriae form two basal lineages. Phylogenetic positioning confirmed Takamatsuella as a distinct genus sister to Sawadaea, supported by an ITS1 26 bp deletion. Host specificity analysis revealed narrow host ranges (primarily Acer) with two evolutionary host expansions to Koelreuteria, Aesculus, and Liquidambar. This study also newly describes the asexual morphs of four species (S. aesculi, S. bifida, S. bomiensis and S. kovaliana) and establishes a molecular framework for disease management through clarified phylogeny and taxonomy. Our findings provide critical insights into fungal evolution, host-pathogen interactions, and strategies for mitigating powdery mildew impacts in forest ecosystems. Taxonomic novelties: New forma: Sawadaea bicornis f. polyphaga M. Bradshaw & U. Braun. New species: Sawadaea acerina G.X. Guan & S.Y. Liu, Sawadaea aceris-arguti S. Takam. & U. Braun, Sawadaea taii G.X. Guan & S.Y. Liu. Citation: Feng J, Guan GX, Wu XL, Liu SY, Song JG, Bradshaw M, Götz M, Braun U, Takamatsu S, Heluta V, Jin DN, Wang SB, He YH, Zhang ZY, Liu L, Liu TZ, Ilyukhin EV, Lu XX, Li Y (2025). Phylogeny and taxonomy of Acer powdery mildews, including genera Sawadaea and Takamatsuella (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota). Studies in Mycology 112: 1-38. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.112.01.

Polar, high altitude montane and cold desert environments harbour only sparse plant life and often remain frozen for extended periods. Because of their remoteness, often combined with restricted access, such regions are rarely visited and the fungal biodiversity of the soils is scarcely studied. Despite this, when such studies are undertaken, psychrophilic Penicillium species are often reported and the isolates exhibit a high spectrum of biologically active compounds of biotechnological interest. Small molecule profiling by mass spectrometry (often called 'metabolomics') can supplement phylogenetic species concepts and provide information to characterize variation within species or populations. During large scale fungal isolation surveys exploring new psychrophilic fungi from high altitude alpine and arctic tundra soils, several undescribed Penicillium species were discovered. A polyphasic taxonomic approach was adopted to formally describe ten new species using multigene phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characterizations including secondary metabolite production, colony characters, and microscopic analysis of morphological structures. Using untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking tools, an emphasis was made to characterize, compare and discuss in depth, the chemical diversity associated with these new Penicillium species. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Penicillium algidum Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium aquamarinum Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium discoense Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium hesseltinei Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium jugorum Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium marthae Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium oreophilum Visagie, Overy, Seifert, Christensen & Frisvad, Penicillium rivulorum Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium turcosum Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, Penicillium wyomingense Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad. Citation: Overy DP, Frisvad JC, Witte TE, Hicks CL, Hermans A, Sproule A, Louis-Seize G, Seifert KA, Yilmaz N, Price J, van Vuuren NI, Visagie CM (2025). Chemodiversity of Penicillium isolated from alpine and arctic environments, including ten new species. Studies in Mycology 112: 75-116. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.112.03.

The genus Camarosporidiella is here assessed with respect to its phylogenetic structure and species composition. More than 160 pure cultures from ascospores and conidia of more than 150 fresh collections, mostly from Fabaceae, were prepared as DNA sources. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multigene matrix of partial nuSSU-, complete ITS, partial LSU rDNA, and tef1 exon sequences of our isolates and those of previous workers revealed that these markers are insufficient to provide a complete species resolution. From this reduced data matrix, however, we propose synonyms and accept taxa for previously described species, which could not be included in the final phylogenetic tree due to lack of rpb2, tef1 intron and tub2 sequences. The final phylogenetic tree, which was inferred from a combined nuSSU-ITS-LSU-rpb2-tef1-tub2 sequence matrix resolved our isolates into 27 statistically supported phylogenetic species, of which 15 are new. Altogether 34 species are here accepted in Camarosporidiella. Using type studies we stabilise old names, lectotypify Cucurbitaria asparagi, Cucurbitaria caraganae, Cucurbitaria coluteae, Cucurbitaria euonymi, Dichomera elaeagni Hendersonia mori, Sphaeria elongata, Sphaeria laburni Sphaeria spartii and epitypify them as well as Cucurbitaria cytisi, Cucurbitaria retamae and Cucurbitaria steineri to place them in their correct phylogenetic positions and fix their taxonomic concepts. Morphology alone is not suitable to identify these species, and therefore no determinative key to species can be given. However, if hosts are reliably identified, many species can be determined without molecular data. Host images are included with the figures of each fungal species. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Camarosporidiella aceris Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella aetnensis Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella aragonensis Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella asparagicola Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella astragalicola Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella cretica Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella echinosparti Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella hesperolaburni Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella longipedis Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella maroccana Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella ononidis Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella radiatae Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella spartioidis Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella sphaerocarpae Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella tridentatae Jaklitsch & Voglmayr. New combinations: Camarosporidiella asparagi (Maire) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella caraganae (P. Karst.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella coluteae (Rabenh.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Camarosporidiella cytisi (Mirza) J

The winemaking industry faces unprecedented challenges due to climate change and market shifts, with profound commercial and socioeconomic repercussions. In response, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have gained attention for their potential to both mitigate these challenges and enhance the complexity of winemaking. This study builds upon our previous cataloguing of 293 non-Saccharomyces yeast species associated with winemaking environments by rigorously analysing 661 publicly available genomes. By employing a bioinformatics pipeline with stringent quality control checkpoints, we annotated and evaluated these genomes, culminating in a robust dataset of 530 non-Saccharomyces proteomes, belonging to 134 species, accessible to the research community. Employing this dataset, we conducted a comparative phylogenomic analysis to decipher metabolic networks related to fermentation capacity and flavor/aroma modulation. Our functional annotation has uncovered distinctive metabolic traits of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, elucidating their unique contributions to enology. Crucially, this work pioneers the identification of a non-Saccharomyces 'fermentome', a specific set of six genes uniquely present in fermentative species and absent in non-fermentative ones, and an expanded set of 35 genes constituting the complete fermentome. Moreover, we delineated a 'flavorome' by examining 96 genes across 19 metabolic categories implicated in wine aroma and flavour enhancement. These discoveries provide valuable genomic insights, offering new avenues for innovative winemaking practices and research. Citation: Franco-Duarte R, Fernandes T, Sousa MJ, Sampaio P, Rito T, Soares P (2025). Phylogenomics and functional annotation of 530 non-Saccharomyces yeasts from winemaking environments reveals their fermentome and flavorome. Studies in Mycology 111: 1-17. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.111.01.

The genus Aspergillus is diverse, including species of industrial importance, human pathogens, plant pests, and model organisms. Aspergillus includes species from sections Usti and Cavernicolus, which until recently were joined in section Usti, but have now been proposed to be non-monophyletic and were split by section Nidulantes, Aenei and Raperi. To learn more about these sections, we have sequenced the genomes of 13 Aspergillus species from section Cavernicolus (A. cavernicola, A. californicus, and A. egyptiacus), section Usti (A. carlsbadensis, A. germanicus, A. granulosus, A. heterothallicus, A. insuetus, A. keveii, A. lucknowensis, A. pseudodeflectus and A. pseudoustus), and section Nidulantes (A. quadrilineatus, previously A. tetrazonus). We compared these genomes with 16 additional species from Aspergillus to explore their genetic diversity, based on their genome content, repeat-induced point mutations (RIPs), transposable elements, carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) profile, growth on plant polysaccharides, and secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs). All analyses support the split of section Usti and provide additional insights: Analyses of genes found only in single species show that these constitute genes which appear to be involved in adaptation to new carbon sources, regulation to fit new niches, and bioactive compounds for competitive advantages, suggesting that these support species differentiation in Aspergillus species. Sections Usti and Cavernicolus have mainly unique SMGCs. Section Usti contains very large and information-rich genomes, an expansion partially driven by CAZymes, as section Usti contains the most CAZyme-rich species seen in genus Aspergillus. Section Usti is clearly an underutilized source of plant biomass degraders and shows great potential as industrial enzyme producers. Citation: Nybo JL, Vesth TC, Theobald S, Frisvad JC, Larsen TO, Kjaerboelling I, Rothschild-Mancinelli K, Lyhne EK, Barry K, Clum A, Yoshinaga Y, Ledsgaard L, Daum C, Lipzen A, Kuo A, Riley R, Mondo S, LaButti K, Haridas S, Pangalinan J, Salamov AA, Simmons BA, Magnuson JK, Chen J, Drula E, Henrissat B, Wiebenga A, Lubbers RJM, Müller A, dos Santos Gomes AC, Mäkelä MR, Stajich JE, Grigoriev IV, Mortensen UH, de Vries RP, Baker SE, Andersen MR (2025). Section-level genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Aspergillus sections Cavernicolus and Usti. Studies in Mycology 111: 101-114. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.111.03.