Candidal carriage in diabetic patients: a microbiological study.

Abstract

Objective: Candida yeast species are widespread opportunistic microbes and incidence of its carriage in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls is not clearly defined. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the candida species in type I, type II diabetes mellitus patients and in controls. Study comprised of 60 subjects in the age range of 20 to 65 years, consisting of two groups of diabetes patients with controlled diabetic status (20 subjects each with type I and type II) and 20 age and sex matched controls. Saliva samples were collected from all groups and inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) to check for the fungus growth. The confirmed candidal colonies were further inoculated on CHROMagar for different colour differentiation. Out of 60 samples, 40 (66.67%) showed a positive fungal prevalence. Out of 40 positive fungal prevalence 82.50% were representative of candida. The positive fungal prevalence for candida I was 48.48%, in group II was 30.30%, in group III was 21.21 %. Further speciation in CHROMagar revealed different species of candida predominantly of candida albicans 20% and few mixed culture of candida albicans with candida krusei 5% and candida albicans with candida tropicalis 5% in group I. In group II, candida albicans was 35% and mixed culture of candida albicans with candida glabrata was 5%. In group III, candida albicans was 25% and candida tropicalis was 5%. The findings confirm that diabetic patients harbor yeast in their oral cavity and are more susceptible to oral candidiasis and also that CHROMagar medium is a satisfactory isolation medium for oral cavity specimens, allowing rapid and accurate identification of yeast colonies with easy recognition of mixed culture and is easy to use.