Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology最新文献

Objective: Among the various histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma, clear cell variant is a rarity. (1) This report is a compilation of two cases which showed the presence of clear cells. The clear cells were of koilocytic type. Although clear cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma is more common in skin, few cases have been found in oral region also. (2) This variant is considered more aggressive than the others, and hence requires more aggressive treatment protocol. Being rare, the percentage of clear cells determines whether it should be considered as a clear cell variant. The literature has been evaluated for similar cases, and discussed about the clear cells and their origin. An effort has also been made to compile the reported cases of clear cell variant of OSCC.

Objective: Since, it is essential to create awareness about chemotherapy among parents, this study assesses the effectiveness of structured teaching programme for mothers on knowledge and practice relating to care of child with leukemia. Pretest was conducted using structured questionnaire on knowledge about care of Leukemia. Teaching was administered to mothers on different aspects of cancer diagnosis and follow up. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge and practice in post test and a significant correlation of knowledge and practice in post test, but not during pre test. Considering different aspects of care, mothers had only around 50 % knowledge which was close to 100 % post test. The study revealed that there was a significant association between knowledge with age of the child and number of the children, and in practice, association was found in gender of the child and the educational status of the mother. The current study results proved that willingness of parents to receive educational intervention on care of children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia would definitely result in improvement of the quality of life of childhood survivors.

Objective: Schwannomas are benign slow growing tumors that arise from myelin producing Schwann cells. Schwannomas developing in cervical-dorsal region are rare benign neoplasms which are emerges leisurely remains asymptomatic some times and functionally inactive tumours. Giant Schwannomas extending over two or more vertebral levels have been documented and attempts have been made to classify these in available literature, however inadequate. Advancement in imaging modalities and microsurgery has bettered management of these tumors. A rare case of intradural extramedullary cervicodorsal schwannoma extending along seven vertebral levels to thoracic levels is reported in a 55 year old male patient with progressive weakness and numbness of over one and a half years. MRI of cervical spine showed a heterogeneously lesion with cord oedema till D7 level on T1contrast saggital view. Histological examination revealed encapsulated spindle cell lesion with hypocellular and hypercellular areas with verucay bodies, occasional bizzare nuclei, hyalinized blood vessels, with no evidence of necrosis/atypical mitosis, suggestive of schwannoma. In the prone position, C4 to D7 enbloc laminotomy was done and total excision of intradural extramedullary lesion was done. Post-operative CT scans revealed normal spinal canal dimensions with implants in situ. At quarterly follow up upto one year post-operative, the patient had near normal power in all four limbs and normal bladder function.

Objective: Cervical carcinosarcomas (Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour [MMMT] ) are very rare neoplasms. Fewer than 100 cases were documented until recently. Because of the rarity, etiologic factors, prognosis and treatment modalities are unclear. A 53 year-old woman presented with postmenauposal vaginal bleeding and abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical biopsy followed by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and cold knife conisation (CKC) was documented as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III). Without follow-up, two years later, the patient was referred with a cervical 6,5 cm mass invading vagina, parametriums and rectum. Biopsy was reported as cervical carcinosarcoma with squmous carcinoma and homologous sarcoma component. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provided partial response. Subsequently external beam whole pelvis radiotherapy with chemotherapy and brachytherapy was applied. In despite of the treatment, the patient developed sistemic recurrence and died of disease within 10 months. In previous reports most of the patients were in early stage and had better prognosis than uterine carcinosarcomas. Here in we present a case who had a history of high-grade cervical displasia and presented at advanced stage, managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The pathophysiological role of HCG is currently speculative and seems to be paradoxes as certain studies advice it has anti-cancer properties while few others found it to be pro-cancer agent. In this study we have evaluated the status of beta hCG receptors in patients with breast carcinoma and its association with various clinic-pathological factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on total of 57 patients who were enrolled in the study, all tests including metastatic work up were done. Patients underwent modified radical mastectomy on the affected side after being declared fit by the anaesthetist. Immunohistochemical analysis was done using ER antibody, PR88, CB11 and for beta hCG was done using ab-53087.

Results: The average age at diagnosis was 55.77 years. There was a significant correlation between age at diagnosis and age at first child birth. On correlating size of the tumour with Beta hCG receptor status, Patients with tumour size 2 to 5 cms have shown maximum positivity for beta hCG receptors. On correlating stage of the disease with Beta HCG receptor status, it was found that, carcinoma tissues showed more receptor positivity as the stage increased. In histological staining grade, Nottingham's scoring system was used which showed majority of patients belonged to grade 2.

Discussion: Comparison of other tumour characteristics such as histopathological type, grade, tumour size and nodal status were similar among the studies done in Western and Indian regions. The similarities of the current as well as the above mentioned Indian studies with Western countries could be attributed to increasing awareness and better screening protocols for breast carcinoma.

Background: Continuation maintenance therapy with pemetrexed (PEM) and bevacizumab (BEV) following induction therapy with cisplatin (CDDP), PEM, and BEV is beneficial in advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC), but the survival benefit of addition of BEV to CDDP/PEM as induction therapy is still unclear. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a CDDP/PEM/BEV regimen in Japanese patients with EGFR wild-type NS-NSCLC.

Patients and methods: This study included 25 patients who receive intravenous CDDP, PEM, and BEV (15 mg/kg) from August 2010 to February 2013. The primary endpoint of this study was the response rate (RR) and the secondary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results: The median cycles of induction chemotherapy were four (range 1-6). RR was 64%. Most patients (64%) transitioned to maintenance therapy. The median PFS was 9.7 months. Median OS was 21.6 months. Haematological adverse events reaching grade 3 to 4 were neutropenia (8%) without febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (4%), and anemia (4%). BEV-related non-haematological toxicities of grade 3/4 were hypertension (16%), thrombosis (4%), and gastrointestinal perforation (4%). Each adverse events was controllable, and there were no treatment-related deaths.

Conclusions: CDDP/PEM/BEV regimen is effective and tolerable in patients with EGFR wild-type advanced NS-NSCLC, but should be paid attention to some BEV-related toxicities.

Purpose: The short and long-term resolution of neoplastic conditions with conventional low molecular weight chemotherapeutics is frequently restricted by limitations associated dose-dependent toxic sequelae. Penetration into neoplastic cells occurs non-selectively where their intracellular concentration following simple passive diffusion from the extracellular fluid compartment becomes essentially equivalent to levels found in normal healthy cell populations residing within tissues and organ systems. Selective "targeted" delivery of conventional low molecular weight chemotherapeutics represents one molecular strategy that can both increase potency and reduce dose-dependent toxic sequela. A second strategy is the identification of synergistic or additive combinations of chemotherapeutics and pharmaceutical agents, in addition to the discovery of re-purposed pharmaceutical agents that possess anti-cancer properties.

Discussion: Mebendazole evoked anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity as both a single entity, and contributed to the potency of the covalent immunoglucocorticoid, dexamethasone-(C₂₁-phosphoramidate)-[anti-EGFR] when applied in a dual-combination challenge against populations of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549). In this capacity mebendazole demonstrated a role as a candidate re-purposed pharmaceutical that possessing potential as a [-i-] substitute alternative for conventional tubulin inhibitors in scenarios of idiosyncratic reactions, therapeutic resistance, or anticipated toxic sequelae; [-ii-] a new monotherapy; or [-iii-] a component in the design of new multi-therapeutic protocols.

Objective: Glandular odontogenic cyst is an extremely rare lesion of the jaw. Its aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate makes it important while excising. Both clinical and radiographic features were nonspecific due to the similarities with other lesions therefore it can be misdiagnosed very easily. This article presents another case of Glandular odontogenic cyst in 17 year of male patient who was unaware of the lesion which was detected on routine examination.

Objective: Pancreatoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for treating periampullary and pancreatic head malignancy. The procedure has been standardized and the mortality has reduced considerably to fewer than 5% in high volume centers specializing in pancreatic surgeries. Unfortunately, the morbidity still hovers around 40%. The Achiles heal of pancreatoduodenectomy is the pancreatoenteric anastamosis, the failure of which leads to significant morbidity. Literature is flooded with a plethora of techniques of reconstruction, and the results are variable. In this present study, we have analyzed a technique in which we used a single layer full thickness duct to mucosa pancreatojejunostomy. Among the 25 subjects in this study, there was only one case of one mortality due to drug-induced cardiac arrhythmia, and no mortality secondary to pancreas-specific complications were reported. The present study was a pilot study compared with historical controls, where these results were comparable to the historical data reported earlier as well as our own historical data of two-layered anastamosis. The results of this pilot study supported our concept of single layer full thickness duct to mucosa anastamosis being least traumatic to the pancreas and having an equal efficacy to that other conventional techniques.

Objective: We searched thiol/disulphide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in patients with and without endometrial polyp (EP) to evaluate whether there is an association between serum oxidative stress markers and EPs.

Methods: A total of 87 women were enrolled into this study. All patients were evaluated with office hysteroscopy, and then those with EPs underwent operative hysteroscopy. 43 of these women had pathologically confirmed EPs (study group) and 44 had not (control group). Fasting blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein before the procedure in all women. Thiol/disulphide levels were analyzed with a newly developed method by Erel et al. IMA measurement was performed using an indirect method based on the colorimetric assay as previously defined.

Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of demographic characteristics including age, body mass index, and past obstetric history. Similarly no significant difference was observed regarding infertility ratio and smoking status. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulphide levels were found to be 263.6±63.3 µmol/l vs. 280.9±63.8 µmol/l (p:0.208), 296.9±64.9 µmol/l vs. 315.2±67.3 µmol/l (p:0.202), and 16.6±6.5 µmol/l vs.17.1±7.8 µmol/l ( p:0.759) in the study and control groups, respectively. There was also no significant difference with regard to serum IMA level (46.5±12.1 vs. 44.9±12.6; p: 0.539).

Conclusion: Serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis and IMA levels have no significant effect in the pathogenesis of EPs.