The Drosophila Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit.

IF 12.1 1区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-04-13 DOI:10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333
Mehrab N Modi, Yichun Shuai, Glenn C Turner
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引用次数: 106

Abstract

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations, yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have established a clear framework for Drosophila learning and revealed the following key operations: a) pattern separation, whereby dense combinatorial representations of odors are preprocessed to generate highly specific, nonoverlapping odor patterns used for learning; b) convergence, in which sensory information is funneled to a small set of output neurons that guide behavioral actions; c) plasticity, where changing the mapping of sensory input to behavioral output requires a strong reinforcement signal, which is also modulated by internal state and environmental context; and d) modularization, in which a memory consists of multiple parallel traces, which are distinct in stability and flexibility and exist in anatomically well-defined modules within the network. Cross-module interactions allow for higher-order effects where past experience influences future learning. Many of these operations have parallels with processes of memory formation and action selection in more complex brains.

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果蝇蘑菇体:从架构到学习电路中的算法。
果蝇的大脑包含一个相对简单的回路,用于形成巴甫洛夫联想,但它实现了许多跨记忆系统的共同操作。最近的进展已经为果蝇的学习建立了一个清晰的框架,并揭示了以下关键操作:a)模式分离,即对气味的密集组合表示进行预处理,以产生用于学习的高度特异性、非重叠的气味模式;B)收敛,感觉信息汇集到一小部分输出神经元,这些神经元引导行为行为;C)可塑性,其中改变感觉输入到行为输出的映射需要强烈的强化信号,这也受内部状态和环境背景的调节;d)模块化,其中一个记忆由多个平行的轨迹组成,这些轨迹在稳定性和灵活性上是不同的,并且存在于网络中解剖学上定义良好的模块中。跨模块交互允许高阶效应,过去的经验影响未来的学习。这些操作中的许多与更复杂的大脑中的记忆形成和行动选择过程相似。
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来源期刊
Annual review of neuroscience
Annual review of neuroscience 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
25.30
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Neuroscience is a well-established and comprehensive journal in the field of neuroscience, with a rich history and a commitment to open access and scholarly communication. The journal has been in publication since 1978, providing a long-standing source of authoritative reviews in neuroscience. The Annual Review of Neuroscience encompasses a wide range of topics within neuroscience, including but not limited to: Molecular and cellular neuroscience, Neurogenetics, Developmental neuroscience, Neural plasticity and repair, Systems neuroscience, Cognitive neuroscience, Behavioral neuroscience, Neurobiology of disease. Occasionally, the journal also features reviews on the history of neuroscience and ethical considerations within the field.
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