Validation of a European Spanish-version of the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) in patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Introduction

Negative symptoms can be grouped into five domains: apathy/avolition, anhedonia, asociality, alogia, and affective flattening. There are few validate self-rated measures that assess these five dimensions. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) in Spanish patients with schizophrenia.

Material and methods

Cross-sectional, validation study in 104 outpatients with schizophrenia evaluated using the Spanish version of the following scales: Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale for Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Motivation and Pleasure Scale – Self-Report (MAP-SR), 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS).

Results Reliability

Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.915. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between MAP-SR and SNS Total scores was 0.660 (p < 0.001). For PANSS-N, the correlation was 0.437 (p < 0.005) and with the CAINS-Total was 0.478 (p < 0.005). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between SNS and PSP was r = −0.372 (p ≤ 0.001), and with SF-36 Physical and Mental Summary Component scores were r = −0.213 (p = 0.066) and r = −0.144 (p = 0.219), respectively. Discriminant validity: SNS Total scores were significantly statistically different according to the severity of the negative symptomatology rated by the CGI-SCH negative scale (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The SNS is a reliable and valid instrument to self-rate the five domains of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a complementary measure to the evaluation performed by the clinician.