Mechanisms governing PARP expression, localization, and activity in cells.

IF 6.2 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-23 DOI:10.1080/10409238.2020.1818686

Daniel J Sanderson, Michael S Cohen

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引用次数: 15

Abstract

Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are a family of 17 enzymes in humans that have diverse roles in cell physiology including DNA damage repair, transcription, innate immunity, and regulation of signaling pathways. The modular domain architecture of PARPs gives rise to this functional diversity. PARPs catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to targets-proteins and poly-nucleic acids. This enigmatic post-translational modification comes in two varieties: the transfer of a single unit of ADP-ribose, known as mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) or the transfer of multiple units of ADP-ribose, known as poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). Emerging data shows that PARPs are regulated at multiple levels to control when and where PARP-mediated M/PARylation occurs in cells. In this review, we will discuss the latest knowledge regarding the regulation of PARPs in cells: from transcription and protein stability to subcellular localization and modulation of catalytic activity.

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调控PARP在细胞中的表达、定位和活性的机制。

聚(ADP)核糖聚合酶(PARPs)是一个由17种酶组成的人类酶家族，在细胞生理学中具有多种作用，包括DNA损伤修复、转录、先天免疫和信号通路调节。parp的模块化领域体系结构产生了这种功能多样性。PARPs催化adp核糖从烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)转移到靶蛋白和多核酸。这种神秘的翻译后修饰有两种形式:单个adp核糖单位的转移，称为单adp核糖基化(MARylation)或多个adp核糖单位的转移，称为多adp核糖基化(PARylation)。新出现的数据表明，parp在多个水平上受到调节，以控制parp介导的M/PARylation在细胞中发生的时间和位置。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论关于PARPs在细胞中的调控的最新知识:从转录和蛋白质稳定性到亚细胞定位和催化活性的调节。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

14.90

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： As the discipline of biochemistry and molecular biology have greatly advanced in the last quarter century, significant contributions have been made towards the advancement of general medicine, genetics, immunology, developmental biology, and biophysics. Investigators in a wide range of disciplines increasingly require an appreciation of the significance of current biochemical and molecular biology advances while, members of the biochemical and molecular biology community itself seek concise information on advances in areas remote from their own specialties. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology believes that well-written review articles prove an effective device for the integration and meaningful comprehension of vast, often contradictory, literature. Review articles also provide an opportunity for creative scholarship by synthesizing known facts, fruitful hypotheses, and new concepts. Accordingly, Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publishes high-quality reviews that organize, evaluate, and present the current status of high-impact, current issues in the area of biochemistry and molecular biology. Topics are selected on the advice of an advisory board of outstanding scientists, who also suggest authors of special competence. The topics chosen are sufficiently broad to interest a wide audience of readers, yet focused enough to be within the competence of a single author. Authors are chosen based on their activity in the field and their proven ability to produce a well-written publication.