Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Resistance and Promotion of Exogenous Retroviral Homologs.

IF 8.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-12-08 DOI:10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416

Elliott S Chiu, Sue VandeWoude

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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) serve as markers of ancient viral infections and provide invaluable insight into host and viral evolution. ERVs have been exapted to assist in performing basic biological functions, including placentation, immune modulation, and oncogenesis. A subset of ERVs share high nucleotide similarity to circulating horizontally transmitted exogenous retrovirus (XRV) progenitors. In these cases, ERV-XRV interactions have been documented and include (a) recombination to result in ERV-XRV chimeras, (b) ERV induction of immune self-tolerance to XRV antigens, (c) ERV antigen interference with XRV receptor binding, and (d) interactions resulting in both enhancement and restriction of XRV infections. Whereas the mechanisms governing recombination and immune self-tolerance have been partially determined, enhancement and restriction of XRV infection are virus specific and only partially understood. This review summarizes interactions between six unique ERV-XRV pairs, highlighting important ERV biological functions and potential evolutionary histories in vertebrate hosts.

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内源性逆转录病毒驱动抗性和促进外源性逆转录病毒同源物。

内源性逆转录病毒(erv)作为古代病毒感染的标志物，为宿主和病毒进化提供了宝贵的见解。erv有望协助执行基本的生物学功能，包括胎盘、免疫调节和肿瘤发生。erv的一个子集与循环水平传播的外源性逆转录病毒(XRV)祖病毒具有高核苷酸相似性。在这些情况下，ERV-XRV相互作用已被记录，包括(a)重组导致ERV-XRV嵌合体，(b) ERV诱导对XRV抗原的免疫自身耐受性，(c) ERV抗原干扰XRV受体结合，以及(d)相互作用导致XRV感染的增强和限制。虽然重组和免疫自身耐受的机制已部分确定，但XRV感染的增强和限制是病毒特异性的，仅部分了解。本文综述了六种独特的ERV- xrv对之间的相互作用，重点介绍了ERV在脊椎动物宿主中的重要生物学功能和潜在的进化历史。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-ZOOLOGY

CiteScore

21.30

自引率

0.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Animal Biosciences is primarily dedicated to the fields of biotechnology, genetics, genomics, and breeding, with a special focus on veterinary medicine. This includes veterinary pathobiology, infectious diseases and vaccine development, and conservation and zoo biology. The publication aims to address the needs of scientists studying both wild and domesticated animal species, veterinarians, conservation biologists, and geneticists.