Musibau O Jelili, Adeniyi S Gbadegesin, Abimbola T Alabi
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter Concentrations and Air Quality in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.","authors":"Musibau O Jelili, Adeniyi S Gbadegesin, Abimbola T Alabi","doi":"10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201205","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Airborne particulates are an issue in many urban regions around the world and their detrimental impact on human health has increasingly become a public health concern.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to examine particle pollution in an urban settlement in Nigeria. This study examines the extent, spatial variation, and sources of indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The survey research method was adopted. Sampling included 385 buildings across selected precincts and different residential zones in the town of Ogbomoso. Particulate matter analytes (PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) within/around each building were measured with a particle counter and details on domestic utilities/practices were obtained with a questionnaire. Analysis of variance was used to determine inter-zonal variations in PM levels and simple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indoor and outdoor respirable particle (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentrations were lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Target limit of 75 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, while concentrations of inhalable particles (PM<sub>10</sub>) were higher than the set limit of 150 μg/m<sup>3</sup> for daily averages. Coarse particles dominated, with an accumulative PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> ratio of 0.24. The inter-zonal analysis of PM concentrations revealed that indoor and outdoor PM levels varied significantly by residential zone (p = 0.0005; p = 0.01, respectively). Regression analysis showed a significant but weak relationship between indoor and outdoor PM levels (r = +0.221), while the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.049) showed that only about 5% of the variation in indoor air quality was associated with outdoor air quality. Particle pollution inducers were identified in the residents' waste disposal methods and adopted fuels/energy sources, with firewood and charcoal linked with increased concentrations of particulate matter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Air quality was relatively poor in the study area given observed particulate matter concentrations. Cleaner fuels, effective waste management systems and improved roads are needed to foster better air quality in the study area.</p><p><strong>Competing interests: </strong>The authors declare no competing financial interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":52138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Pollution","volume":"10 28","pages":"201205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731495/pdf/","citationCount":"7","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Health and Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201205","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2020/12/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Abstract
Background: Airborne particulates are an issue in many urban regions around the world and their detrimental impact on human health has increasingly become a public health concern.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine particle pollution in an urban settlement in Nigeria. This study examines the extent, spatial variation, and sources of indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Methods: The survey research method was adopted. Sampling included 385 buildings across selected precincts and different residential zones in the town of Ogbomoso. Particulate matter analytes (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) within/around each building were measured with a particle counter and details on domestic utilities/practices were obtained with a questionnaire. Analysis of variance was used to determine inter-zonal variations in PM levels and simple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality.
Results: Indoor and outdoor respirable particle (PM2.5) concentrations were lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Target limit of 75 μg/m3, while concentrations of inhalable particles (PM10) were higher than the set limit of 150 μg/m3 for daily averages. Coarse particles dominated, with an accumulative PM2.5/PM10 ratio of 0.24. The inter-zonal analysis of PM concentrations revealed that indoor and outdoor PM levels varied significantly by residential zone (p = 0.0005; p = 0.01, respectively). Regression analysis showed a significant but weak relationship between indoor and outdoor PM levels (r = +0.221), while the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.049) showed that only about 5% of the variation in indoor air quality was associated with outdoor air quality. Particle pollution inducers were identified in the residents' waste disposal methods and adopted fuels/energy sources, with firewood and charcoal linked with increased concentrations of particulate matter.
Conclusions: Air quality was relatively poor in the study area given observed particulate matter concentrations. Cleaner fuels, effective waste management systems and improved roads are needed to foster better air quality in the study area.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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