Concentration and Potential Human Health Hazards of Heavy Metals in Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Purchased from Major Markets in Calabar, Nigeria.

IF 2.4 Q1 Medicine Journal of Health and Pollution Pub Date : 2020-12-02 eCollection Date: 2020-12-01 DOI:10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201206
Udiba Ugumanim Udiba, Udeme Uyom Udofia, Ekom R Akpan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: As water flows through habitats associated with estuaries, such as mud flats, salt marshes, sea grass and mangrove forests, pollutants such as heavy metals are filtered. The fine sediment dominant in intertidal and subtidal estuarine systems is an important sink for these contaminants. Periwinkle, which inhabit estuarine ecosystems, are known to bioaccumulate large quantities of contaminants.

Objectives: In view of the widespread consumption of periwinkle in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, this study was designed to assess the concentration and potential human health hazards of heavy metals due to the consumption of this rich, inexpensive and readily available source of protein in Calabar, Nigeria.

Methods: Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) content of edible tissues of periwinkles obtained from major markets in Calabar were determined using Shimadzu atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion.

Results: The ranges of concentration (mg/kg dry weight) were Pb (0.011-0.056), Cd (0.008-0.032), Cr (0.014-0.157) and Ni (0.053-0.261) for Watt Market and Pb (0.009-0.052), Cd (0.011-0.032), Cr (0.012-0.052) and Ni (0.012-0.322) for Mariam Market. Concentrations of all the metals were below Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), FAO/World Health Organization (WHO) and Commission of European Communities maximum permissible limits. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd were slightly higher compared to the recommended daily intake for the metals. The EDI of all metals under study were lower than the upper tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotients (THQ) computed to estimate the human health risk posed by each metal were above the safe limits of unity, except for Cr. The hazard index (HI) for a typical adult of 60.7 kg body weight was found to be 9.7 for Watt Market and the relative contributions to the aggregated risk were 24.66%, 54.51%, 0.0001% and 20.70% for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. The HI for Marian Market was 10.7 and the relative contributions to the aggregated risk were 22.31%, 57.55%, 0.06% and 20.09% for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively.

Conclusions: Consumption of periwinkles purchased from major markets in Calabar poses toxicological risk with respect to Pb, Cd and Ni poisoning.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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从尼日利亚卡拉巴尔主要市场购买的长春花(Tympanotonus fuscatus)中重金属的浓度及其对人类健康的潜在危害。
背景:当水流经泥滩、盐沼、海草和红树林等与河口有关的生境时,重金属等污染物会被过滤。潮间带和潮下带河口系统中的主要细沉积物是这些污染物的重要沉淀池。栖息在河口生态系统中的长春花已知会在生物体内积累大量污染物:鉴于长春花在尼日利亚尼日尔河三角洲的广泛食用,本研究旨在评估在尼日利亚卡拉巴尔食用这种丰富、廉价且易于获得的蛋白质来源所导致的重金属浓度及其对人体健康的潜在危害:方法:使用岛津原子吸收分光光度计(AA-6800 型,日本)测定从卡拉巴尔主要市场获得的鲈鱼湿消化后可食用组织中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)含量:Watt 市场的铅浓度(0.011-0.056)、镉浓度(0.008-0.032)、铬浓度(0.014-0.157)和镍浓度(0.053-0.261);Mariam 市场的铅浓度(0.009-0.052)、镉浓度(0.011-0.032)、铬浓度(0.012-0.052)和镍浓度(0.012-0.322)。所有金属的浓度均低于联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)、联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(WHO)和欧洲共同体委员会的最高允许限值。铅和镉的估计日摄入量(EDI)略高于这两种金属的建议日摄入量。研究中所有金属的估计日摄入量均低于每日可容忍摄入量上限。为估算每种金属对人体健康造成的风险而计算的目标危害商数(THQ),除铬外,都高于安全限值(单位)。以一个体重 60.7 千克的成年人为例,瓦特市场的危害指数为 9.7,铅、镉、铬和镍对总风险的相对贡献率分别为 24.66%、54.51%、0.0001% 和 20.70%。玛丽安市场的 HI 值为 10.7,铅、镉、铬和镍对总风险的相对贡献率分别为 22.31%、57.55%、0.06% 和 20.09%:结论:食用从卡拉巴尔主要市场购买的猕猴桃有铅、镉和镍中毒的毒理学风险:作者声明不存在经济利益冲突。
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Journal of Health and Pollution
Journal of Health and Pollution Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
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审稿时长
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期刊介绍: The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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