Ishna Sharma, Suhhyun Kim, Swathi Sridhar, Riyaz Basha
{"title":"Colorectal Cancer: An Emphasis on Factors Influencing Racial/Ethnic Disparities.","authors":"Ishna Sharma, Suhhyun Kim, Swathi Sridhar, Riyaz Basha","doi":"10.1615/CritRevOncog.2020035174","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current statistics related to cancer incidence and cancer-related death rates clearly show that specific racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to be diagnosed and/or die with cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States and it disproportionately affects the non-Hispanic Black or African American (AA) population. When compared to the non-Hispanic White (nHW) population, incidence and death rates in AAs are 28% and 60% higher, respectively. Hispanics have an overall lower CRC incidence rate than nHWs (Hispanics: 35.5 per 100,000 population; nHWs: 40.2 per 100,000 population), but their incidence continues to rise, unlike nHWs, who are experiencing a decline. This disparity between Hispanics and nHWs is further highlighted in the younger Hispanic population. While the cause of the disparities is associated with CRC-related genetic and environmental factors, the role of specific genes/mutations in each population are still not fully unraveled. However, because CRC is a slowly progressing disease, routine screening and/or early intervention are key to achieving better outcomes in CRC patients and ultimately in closing the disparity gap among different populations. This review discusses the major factors influencing the disparities in CRC and also focuses on factors such as treatment response, family history, and screening that potentially contribute to the racial/ethnic disparities in CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":35617,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevOncog.2020035174","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Current statistics related to cancer incidence and cancer-related death rates clearly show that specific racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to be diagnosed and/or die with cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States and it disproportionately affects the non-Hispanic Black or African American (AA) population. When compared to the non-Hispanic White (nHW) population, incidence and death rates in AAs are 28% and 60% higher, respectively. Hispanics have an overall lower CRC incidence rate than nHWs (Hispanics: 35.5 per 100,000 population; nHWs: 40.2 per 100,000 population), but their incidence continues to rise, unlike nHWs, who are experiencing a decline. This disparity between Hispanics and nHWs is further highlighted in the younger Hispanic population. While the cause of the disparities is associated with CRC-related genetic and environmental factors, the role of specific genes/mutations in each population are still not fully unraveled. However, because CRC is a slowly progressing disease, routine screening and/or early intervention are key to achieving better outcomes in CRC patients and ultimately in closing the disparity gap among different populations. This review discusses the major factors influencing the disparities in CRC and also focuses on factors such as treatment response, family history, and screening that potentially contribute to the racial/ethnic disparities in CRC.
期刊介绍:
The journal is dedicated to extensive reviews, minireviews, and special theme issues on topics of current interest in basic and patient-oriented cancer research. The study of systems biology of cancer with its potential for molecular level diagnostics and treatment implies competence across the sciences and an increasing necessity for cancer researchers to understand both the technology and medicine. The journal allows readers to adapt a better understanding of various fields of molecular oncology. We welcome articles on basic biological mechanisms relevant to cancer such as DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor immunology, etc.