Effect of a dynamic lighting intervention on circadian rest-activity disturbances in cognitively impaired, older adults living in a nursing home: A proof-of-concept study

Abstract

Development of non-pharmacological interventions to improve disrupted rest-activity patterns and disturbed behavior in people with dementia is an important research goal. Here we report a proof-of-concept study which evaluates the effect and applicability of a dynamic light intervention to improve rest-activity patterns in cognitively impaired, institutionalized, older adults. The study was a randomized, open-label, proof-of-concept trial of limited sample size conducted at a nursing home for older adults in a non-metropolitan area in Denmark. Participants were 24 older nursing home residents with cognitive deficiencies. Equipment for delivery of a specialized dynamic light intervention was installed in the private apartments (within the nursing home) of the residents in the experimental group (N = 12). Study duration was four weeks. The control group (N = 12) was exposed to conventional lighting. We measured activity and rest using actigraphy, functional disability, behavioral disturbances, and time in bed We performed regression analyses to examine differences between the intervention groups. Participants in the experimental group partially improved on one of three diurnal rhythm variables, but otherwise no differences were observed between the two intervention groups. The improvement was found for the intradaily variability during the first part of the intervention period indicating a more stable and less fragmented 24-h rest-activity rhythm. However, availability of staff assistance in response to impaired physical mobility of the residents seemed to be a stronger determinant of activity level and pattern. The examined intervention showed promising results but did not consistently alter circadian rest-activity patterns in older nursing home residents given the current sample size. Future studies in the field need to consider real-life applicability of the experimental intervention and the interaction and importance of other important zeitgebers than light.