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Multiple oscillators underlie circadian food anticipation in mice
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100116
David E. Ehichioya , Ishrat Masud , S.K. Tahajjul Taufique , Melody Shen , Sofia Farah , Shin Yamazaki
Circadian pacemakers orchestrate behavioral and physiological rhythms, enabling organisms to anticipate daily reoccurring environmental events such as light and dark, temperature changes, and food availability. When nocturnal rodents are subjected to time-restricted feeding during the day, they typically display food anticipatory activity several hours before mealtime. Upon releasing mice to ad libitum feeding, this anticipatory activity is abolished immediately but, following food deprivation, reappears at approximately the same time. However, the mechanism by which rodents retain this time memory of food availability during ad libitum feeding has remained elusive. We utilized the open-source Feeding Experimentation Device 3 (FED3) to measure food-seeking nose-poking behavior. We programmed the FED3 to dispense a pellet by a single left nose-poke, but not by right poke. During daytime restricted feeding, mice exhibited strong anticipatory nose-poking a few hours prior to the daytime meal in both rewarded left and unrewarded right pokes. In addition, mice also exhibited elevation of both rewarded and unrewarded pokes at night, coinciding with mice's previous habitual feeding time. Following ad libitum feeding, rewarded daytime nose-poking gradually moved back to habitual nighttime. However, following food deprivation, anticipatory poking immediately reappeared during the day and night, coinciding with the times of previous daytime restricted feeding and nighttime habitual feeding. Under ad libitum feeding, db/db mice didn't exhibit a clear daily rhythm in food intake. However, these mice exhibited robust food anticipation in both nose-pokes and activity during daytime restricted feeding. Following release back to ad libitum feeding, db/db mice poked sporadically during the day and night, and following food deprivation, anticipation promptly reappeared. These data suggest that there are at least two oscillators underlying food anticipation: one oscillator with a phase that changes according to food availability, and another oscillator with a phase unaffected by feeding conditions. In db/db mice, the first oscillator is likely impaired, and the second oscillator is unaffected.
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引用次数: 0
Association of restless legs syndrome and obesity: A sub-population of the MASHAD cohort study 不安腿综合征与肥胖的关系:MASHAD 群体研究的一个子群体
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100113
Azam Vafaei , Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh , Maryam Saberi-Karimian , Sara Saffar Soflaei , Mahnaz Amini , Abolfazl Rashid , Sara Yousefian , Gordon A. Ferns , Habibollah Esmaily , Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan , Reza Salaran , Fatemeh Taherian

Introduction

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), as a relatively unknown sleep disorder, often associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between RLS and different definitions of obesity within the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study population.

Methods

A total of 1006 subjects, with an average age of 57 (51.75–63.00) years old, were randomly selected from the MASHAD cohort study phase II. This sample included 449 males and 557 females, who were contacted by phone to inquire about RLS. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were taken. Central obesity was defined as a WC > 90 cm for men and >85 cm for women, as well as a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.90 for men and 0.85 for women. Statistical analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.2 for Windows, with a significance level set at a two-sided P-value<0.05. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the categorical variables between two study groups. Logistic models applied to evaluate the association between RLS and BMI while adjusting for age effects.

Results

The study found a significant relationship between RLS and employment status (p-value = 0.04), marital status (p-value = 0.05), and BMI (p-value<0.001). The results showed that in the total population, the OR of RLS in subjects having BMI>30 kg/m2 increased to 1.50(1.10–2.03) after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value<0.01). A BMI>30 kg/m2 increased odds of RLS by 1.72 times in males (95%CI: 1.03–2.84, p-value<0.05), however this association was diminished after adjustment (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.64–2.17). There was no significant association between BMI and RLS in females. Moreover, there was no significant association between RLS and obesity based on WC and WHR in fully adjusted model respectively.

Conclusion

There was a significant association between BMI and RLS. A BMI>30 kg/m2 increased the odds of RLS by 1.50 times in the study population.
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引用次数: 0
Mutual coupling of neurons in the circadian master clock: What we can learn from fruit flies
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100112
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster, Nils Reinhard
Circadian master clocks in the brain consist of multiple neurons that are organized into populations with different morphology, physiology, and neuromessenger content and presumably different functions. In most animals, these master clocks are distributed bilaterally, located in close proximity to the visual system, and synchronized by the eyes with the light-dark cycles of the environment. In mammals and cockroaches, each of the two master clocks consists of a core region that receives information from the eyes and a shell region from which most of the output projections originate, whereas in flies and several other insects, the master clocks are distributed in lateral and dorsal brain regions. In all cases, morning and evening clock neurons seem to exist, and the communication between them and other populations of clock neurons, as well as the connection across the two brain hemispheres, is a prerequisite for normal rhythmic function. Phenomena such as rhythm splitting, and internal desynchronization are caused by the "decoupling" of the master clocks in the two brain hemispheres or by the decoupling of certain clock neurons within the master clock of one brain hemisphere. Since the master clocks in flies contain relatively few neurons that are well characterized at the individual level, the fly is particularly well suited to study the communication between individual clock neurons. Here, we review the organization of the bilateral master clocks in the fly brain, with a focus on synaptic and paracrine connections between the multiple clock neurons, in comparison with other insects and mammals.
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引用次数: 0
Age-related disturbances in rest-activity rhythms and integrity of the hippocampal network: An exploratory study 年龄相关的休息-活动节律紊乱和海马体网络完整性:一项探索性研究。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100111
Aurore Jouvencel , Bixente Dilharreguy , Marion Baillet , Karine Pérès , Jean-François Dartigues , Hélène Amieva , Willy Mayo , Gwenaëlle Catheline
To better understand the relationship between the rest-activity rhythms and cognitive impairments during aging, we assessed the longitudinal changes in the rest-activity rhythms in an elderly population and their possible detrimental effect on the hippocampal network.
This was done longitudinally in a rural cohort with two actigraphic assessments and brain imaging examinations, seven years apart. A segmentation of the hippocampus and its related structures was used to assess volumes and functional connectivity in this network based on anatomical and resting state functional data. Regression models were carried out to investigate the potential association of the evolution of sleep and rest-activity rhythms parameters with the structural and functional integrity of the hippocampal network.
Our sample was composed of 33 subjects aged 75.2 ± 2.4 years old at the first time point with 40% of women. After seven years, the sleep of our participants did not change but their rest-activity rhythms did (p < 0.05), with a decrease in relative amplitude (∂RA = −0.021) and stability (∂IS = −0.044) as well as an increase in fragmentation (∂IV = +0.072). The deterioration of rest-activity rhythms was correlated with a lower anterior hippocampal volume (p corrected <0.05) while no correlation with functional connectivity was observed.
These findings suggest that a degradation of rest-activity rhythms in people over 70 years old could constitute a factor of hippocampal vulnerability. Preventive interventions should consider rest-activity rhythms in the oldest-old population.
为了更好地了解衰老过程中休息-活动节律与认知障碍之间的关系,我们评估了老年人休息-活动节律的纵向变化及其对海马体网络可能产生的不利影响。这项研究是在一个农村队列中纵向进行的,间隔7年,进行两次活动成像评估和脑成像检查。基于解剖和静息状态功能数据,使用海马及其相关结构的分割来评估该网络的体积和功能连通性。采用回归模型来研究睡眠和休息-活动节律参数的演变与海马网络结构和功能完整性的潜在关联。我们的样本由33名受试者组成,在第一个时间点年龄为75.2±2.4岁,其中40%为女性。七年后,我们的参与者的睡眠没有改变,但他们的休息-活动节奏改变了
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引用次数: 0
Beyond sleep: Rest and activity rhythm as a marker of preclinical and mild dementia in older adults with less education 睡眠之外:休息和活动节奏作为受教育程度较低的老年人临床前和轻度痴呆的标志。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100110
Erika Satomi , Daniel Apolinário , Regina Miksian Magaldi , Alexandre Leopold Busse , Gisele Cristina Vieira Gomes , Elyse Ribeiro , Pedro Rodrigues Genta , Ronaldo Delmonte Piovezan , Dalva Poyares , Wilson Jacob-Filho , Claudia Kimie Suemoto

Background

Although sleep duration and sleep-related breathing disorders were associated with dementia previously, few studies examined the association between circadian rhythm association and cognitive status.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the association of rest and activity rhythm with cognitive performance in older people with cognitive complaints and less education.

Methods

Activity rhythm was evaluated with wrist actigraphy in 109 community-dwelling older people with cognitive complaints without diagnosed dementia. Each participant completed a neuropsychological battery and was classified as having cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, or normal cognition. We used adjusted multinomial logistic regression and linear regression models to compare sleep and circadian non-parametric measures with cognitive groups and cognitive z-scores, respectively.

Results

The mean age of the 109 participants was 79.3 ± 6.3 years old, 74% were women, 68% were white, and the mean education was 5.6 ± 5.2 years. Daytime activity intensity was associated with better language (β = 0.178; 95% CI = 0.022, 0.334; p = 0.03) and visuospatial performance (β = 0.158; 95%CI = 0.008, 0.308; p = 0.04). Also, less fragmented rhythm was associated with better visuospatial (β = 0.172; 95%CI = 0.025, 0.320; p = 0.02) and global cognitive scores (β = 0.134; 95%CI = 0.005, 0.263; p = 0.04). More interdaily stability was associated with a lower risk of MCI and dementia (RR = 0.54; 95%CI = 0.29–0.99; p = 0.04, and RR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.21–0.94; p = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, more daytime activity (RR = 0.40; 95%CI = 0.18–0.89; p = 0.02) and less rhythm fragmentation (RR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.14–0.73; p = 0.007) were associated with lower risk for dementia.

Conclusion

Daytime activity intensity and fragmented rhythm during the day and night may play an important role as markers for cognitive impairment in less educated populations. Future studies with larger samples should confirm these findings.
背景:虽然睡眠持续时间和睡眠相关呼吸障碍与痴呆症有关,但很少有研究调查昼夜节律关联与认知状态之间的关系。目的:探讨有认知障碍和受教育程度较低的老年人的休息和活动节奏与认知表现的关系。方法:对109例无痴呆诊断的老年社区居民进行腕部活动节律评价。每个参与者都完成了神经心理学测试,并被分类为认知障碍(MCI)、痴呆或正常认知。我们使用调整后的多项逻辑回归和线性回归模型分别将睡眠和昼夜节律非参数测量与认知组和认知z分数进行比较。结果:109例患者平均年龄为79.3±6.3岁,女性占74%,白人占68%,平均受教育年限为5.6±5.2年。日间活动强度与较好的语言能力相关(β = 0.178;95% ci = 0.022, 0.334;P = 0.03)和视觉空间表现(β = 0.158;95%ci = 0.008, 0.308;p = 0.04)。此外,更少的碎片节奏与更好的视觉空间相关(β = 0.172;95%ci = 0.025, 0.320;P = 0.02)和整体认知评分(β = 0.134;95%ci = 0.005, 0.263;p = 0.04)。每日间稳定性越高,轻度认知障碍和痴呆的风险越低(RR = 0.54;95%ci = 0.29-0.99;p = 0.04, RR = 0.44;95%ci = 0.21-0.94;P = 0.03)。此外,白天活动较多(RR = 0.40;95%ci = 0.18-0.89;p = 0.02)和较少的节律碎片化(RR = 0.31;95%ci = 0.14-0.73;P = 0.007)与痴呆风险降低相关。结论:受教育程度较低人群的日间活动强度和昼夜节律碎片化可能是认知功能障碍的重要标志。未来更大样本的研究应该会证实这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the resilience of kidneys in rats exposed to chronic partial sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption as disruptive interventions 研究暴露于慢性部分睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律中断作为破坏性干预的大鼠肾脏的恢复能力。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100109
Shirin Rezazadeh , Saeed Rastgoo Salami , Mehran Hosseini , Henrik Oster , Mohammad Reza Saebipour , Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri , Hamed Shoorei
Sleep is a vital biological function that significantly influences overall health. While sleep deprivation (SD) and circadian rhythm disruption are known to negatively impact various organs, their specific effects on kidney function remain understudied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic partial sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption on renal function in rats, providing insights into the relationship between sleep disturbances and kidney health. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: a control group, a group with circadian rhythm disruption (CIR), a group with sleep deprivation during the light phase (SD-AM), a group with sleep deprivation during the dark phase (SD-PM), and a group with combined sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption (SD-CIR). Sleep deprivation was induced using a specialized machine, depriving rats of sleep for 4 h daily, while circadian rhythm disruption was achieved through a 3.5-h light/dark cycle. After four weeks, kidney tissues and blood samples were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. The results showed that all experimental groups exhibited reduced water intake, with the CIR and SD-CIR groups also showing significantly lower food intake and reduced weight gain compared to controls. Oxidative stress markers revealed increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the SD-PM and SD-CIR groups. Despite these metabolic and oxidative changes, histological examination of the kidneys revealed no significant alterations in renal structure or function across the groups. This study highlights the negative effects of chronic partial sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption on feeding behavior, weight gain, and oxidative stress in rats. However, these interventions did not significantly alter renal structure or function. Further research is needed to explore the physiological mechanisms underlying these findings and the potential long-term effects of sleep disturbances on kidney health.
睡眠是一项重要的生物功能,对整体健康有重大影响。虽然睡眠剥夺(SD)和昼夜节律中断已知会对各种器官产生负面影响,但它们对肾功能的具体影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨慢性部分睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律中断对大鼠肾功能的影响,为睡眠障碍与肾脏健康之间的关系提供见解。将40只雄性Wistar大鼠分为5组:对照组、昼夜节律中断组(CIR)、白昼期睡眠剥夺组(SD-AM)、黑夜期睡眠剥夺组(SD-PM)和睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律中断联合组(SD-CIR)。使用专门的机器诱导睡眠剥夺,每天剥夺大鼠4小时的睡眠,同时通过3.5小时的明暗循环来破坏昼夜节律。四周后,采集肾脏组织和血液样本进行组织学和生化分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,所有实验组的水摄入量都有所减少,其中CIR组和SD-CIR组的食物摄入量也显著降低,体重增加也有所减少。氧化应激标志物显示SD-PM和SD-CIR组血清丙二醛(MDA)水平升高。尽管有这些代谢和氧化变化,肾脏的组织学检查显示各组肾脏结构或功能没有明显改变。本研究强调了慢性部分睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律中断对大鼠摄食行为、体重增加和氧化应激的负面影响。然而,这些干预措施并没有显著改变肾脏结构或功能。需要进一步的研究来探索这些发现背后的生理机制以及睡眠障碍对肾脏健康的潜在长期影响。
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引用次数: 0
One interesting and elusive two-coupled oscillator problem 一个有趣又难以捉摸的双耦合振荡器问题。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100108
Gisele A. Oda
Chronobiology experiments often reveal intriguing non-linear phenomena, which require mathematical models and computer simulations for their interpretation. One example is shown here, where the two circadian oscillators located in the eyes of the mollusk Bulla gouldiana were isolated and measured in vitro. By maintaining one eye under control conditions and manipulating the period of the second eye, Page and Nalovic (1992) obtained a diversity of results, including synchronized and desynchronized eyes, associated to weak coupling and period differences. A subset of eye pairs, however, showed increasing phase angle followed by phase jumps. These occur and have been satisfactorily modeled in more complex systems where two zeitgebers play clear entraining roles. However, simulations of a simple model of free-running, two mutually coupled limit-cycle oscillators with unilateral change in oscillator period failed completely to reproduce these phase jumps. Here we explain how phase jumps arise in two-zeitgeber systems and then show the closest but unsatisfying, intermediate model that was fit to the Bulla system.
时间生物学实验经常揭示有趣的非线性现象,这需要数学模型和计算机模拟来解释。这里展示了一个例子,其中两个位于软体动物Bulla gouldiana眼睛的昼夜节律振荡器被分离并在体外测量。Page和Nalovic(1992)通过将一只眼睛保持在控制条件下,并操纵另一只眼睛的周期,得到了与弱耦合和周期差异相关的多种结果,包括同步眼和非同步眼。然而,有一部分眼睛的相位角增加,然后是相位跳跃。在更复杂的系统中,两个授时基因起着明确的夹带作用,这种情况会发生,并且已经得到了令人满意的模型。然而,对一个简单的自由运行模型的模拟,两个相互耦合的极限环振荡器,振荡器周期单向变化,完全不能再现这些相位跳变。在这里,我们解释了在两个授时子系统中相跃是如何产生的,然后展示了最接近但不令人满意的适合于Bulla系统的中间模型。
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引用次数: 0
Development of sleep and circadian rhythms: Function and dysfunction 睡眠和昼夜节律的发展:功能与功能障碍
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100105
Miranda M. Lim, Lucia Peixoto, Matthew S. Kayser, Christopher S. Colwell
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引用次数: 0
Synergy between time-restricted feeding and time-restricted running is necessary to shift the muscle clock in male wistar rats 雄性黑线大鼠肌肉时钟的改变需要限时喂食和限时跑步的协同作用
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100106
Ayano Shiba , Paul de Goede , Roberta Tandari , Ewout Foppen , Nikita L. Korpel , Tom V. Coopmans , Tom P. Hellings , Merel W. Jansen , Annelou Ruitenberg , Wayne I.G.R. Ritsema , Chun-Xia Yi , Joram D. Mul , Dirk Jan Stenvers , Andries Kalsbeek
Circadian disruption is an important factor driving the current-day high prevalence of obesity and type-2 diabetes. While the impact of incorrect timing of caloric intake on circadian disruption is widely acknowlegded, the contribution of incorrect timing of physical activity remains relatively understudied. Here, we modeled the incorrect timing of physical activity in nightshift workers in male Wistar rats, by restricting running wheel access to the innate inactive (light) phase (LR). Controls included no wheel access (NR); access only during the innate active (dark) period (DR); or unrestricted (ad libitum) access (ALR). LR did not shift the phase of the muscle or liver clock, but dampened the muscle clock amplitude. As our previous study demonstrated that light-phase restricted feeding did shift the liver clock, but made the muscle clock arrhythmic, we next combined the time restriction of wheel and food access to either the light phase (LRLF) or dark phase (DRDF). LRLF produced a ∼12 h shift in the majority of clock gene rhythms in both skeletal muscle and liver. On the other hand, DRDF was most effective in reducing body weight and the accumulation of fat mass. Therefore, in order to shift the muscle clock in male Wistar rats, synergy between the timing of feeding and physical activity is necessary. These findings may contribute to further improve the design of lifestyle strategies that try to limit metabolic misalignment caused by circadian disruption.
昼夜节律紊乱是导致当今肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病高发的一个重要因素。虽然错误的热量摄入时间对昼夜节律紊乱的影响已得到广泛认可,但错误的体力活动时间对昼夜节律紊乱的影响仍未得到充分研究。在这里,我们通过限制雄性 Wistar 大鼠在先天性非活动(光照)阶段(LR)使用跑步轮,模拟了夜班工人体力活动时间不正确的情况。对照组包括不允许使用车轮(NR);仅在先天活跃期(黑暗期)使用车轮(DR);或不受限制(自由使用)使用车轮(ALR)。LR 不会改变肌肉或肝脏时钟的相位,但会抑制肌肉时钟的振幅。我们之前的研究表明,光相限制进食确实会改变肝脏时钟,但会使肌肉时钟失调,因此我们接下来将轮子和食物的进食时间限制结合到光相(LRLF)或暗相(DRDF)中。LRLF使骨骼肌和肝脏中大多数时钟基因的节律发生了12小时的变化。另一方面,DRDF 在减轻体重和减少脂肪积累方面最为有效。因此,要改变雄性 Wistar 大鼠的肌肉时钟,必须在喂食和体育锻炼的时间上进行协同。这些发现可能有助于进一步改进生活方式策略的设计,从而限制昼夜节律紊乱造成的代谢失调。
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引用次数: 0
Gender differences in sleep quality among Iranian traditional and industrial drug users 伊朗传统和工业药物使用者睡眠质量的性别差异
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2024.100104
Mohammad Khorrami Ph.D , Fatemeh Khorrami Undergraduate student , Kosar Haghani , Farshid Fathy Karkaragh Ph.D. candidate , Ayda Khodashenas M.A , Sara Souri M.A
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引用次数: 0
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Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
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