Citizen science and online data: Opportunities and challenges for snake ecology and action against snakebite

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY Toxicon: X Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100071
Andrew M. Durso , Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda , Camille Montalcini , M. Rosa Mondardini , Jose L. Fernandez-Marques , François Grey , Martin M. Müller , Peter Uetz , Benjamin M. Marshall , Russell J. Gray , Christopher E. Smith , Donald Becker , Michael Pingleton , Jose Louies , Arthur D. Abegg , Jeannot Akuboy , Gabriel Alcoba , Jennifer C. Daltry , Omar M. Entiauspe-Neto , Paul Freed , Isabelle Bolon
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

The secretive behavior and life history of snakes makes studying their biology, distribution, and the epidemiology of venomous snakebite challenging. One of the most useful, most versatile, and easiest to collect types of biological data are photographs, particularly those that are connected with geographic location and date-time metadata. Photos verify occurrence records, provide data on phenotypes and ecology, and are often used to illustrate new species descriptions, field guides and identification keys, as well as in training humans and computer vision algorithms to identify snakes. We scoured eleven online and two offline sources of snake photos in an attempt to collect as many photos of as many snake species as possible, and attempt to explain some of the inter-species variation in photograph quantity among global regions and taxonomic groups, and with regard to medical importance, human population density, and range size. We collected a total of 725,565 photos—between 1 and 48,696 photos of 3098 of the world's 3879 snake species (79.9%), leaving 781 “most wanted” species with no photos (20.1% of all currently-described species as of the December 2020 release of The Reptile Database). We provide a list of most wanted species sortable by family, continent, authority, and medical importance, and encourage snake photographers worldwide to submit photos and associated metadata, particularly of “missing” species, to the most permanent and useful online archives: The Reptile Database, iNaturalist, and HerpMapper.

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公民科学和在线数据:蛇生态学的机遇和挑战以及对抗蛇咬伤的行动
蛇的隐秘行为和生活史使得研究它们的生物学、分布和毒蛇咬伤的流行病学具有挑战性。最有用、最通用和最容易收集的生物数据类型之一是照片,特别是那些与地理位置和日期-时间元数据相关的照片。照片验证发生记录,提供表型和生态数据,经常用于说明新物种描述、野外指南和识别密钥,以及训练人类和计算机视觉算法来识别蛇。我们检索了11个在线和2个离线的蛇照片来源,试图收集尽可能多的蛇种类的照片,并试图解释全球区域和分类群体之间照片数量的一些物种间差异,以及关于医学重要性、人口密度和范围大小的差异。我们总共收集了725,565张照片-世界上3879种蛇中的3098种(79.9%)的1至48,696张照片,剩下781种“最想要”的物种没有照片(截至2020年12月发布的爬行动物数据库中所有当前描述的物种的20.1%)。我们提供了一份按科、洲、权威和医学重要性排序的通缉蛇种列表,并鼓励全世界的蛇摄影师将照片和相关元数据,特别是“失踪”物种的照片和元数据提交给最永久和最有用的在线档案:the Reptile Database、iNaturalist和HerpMapper。
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来源期刊
Toxicon: X
Toxicon: X Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
14 weeks
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