Christine Buchanan, M Lyndsay Howitt, Rita Wilson, Richard G Booth, Tracie Risling, Megan Bamford
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: It is predicted that artificial intelligence (AI) will transform nursing across all domains of nursing practice, including administration, clinical care, education, policy, and research. Increasingly, researchers are exploring the potential influences of AI health technologies (AIHTs) on nursing in general and on nursing education more specifically. However, little emphasis has been placed on synthesizing this body of literature.
Objective: A scoping review was conducted to summarize the current and predicted influences of AIHTs on nursing education over the next 10 years and beyond.
Methods: This scoping review followed a previously published protocol from April 2020. Using an established scoping review methodology, the databases of MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, Education Resources Information Centre, Scopus, Web of Science, and Proquest were searched. In addition to the use of these electronic databases, a targeted website search was performed to access relevant grey literature. Abstracts and full-text studies were independently screened by two reviewers using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included literature focused on nursing education and digital health technologies that incorporate AI. Data were charted using a structured form and narratively summarized into categories.
Results: A total of 27 articles were identified (20 expository papers, six studies with quantitative or prototyping methods, and one qualitative study). The population included nurses, nurse educators, and nursing students at the entry-to-practice, undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels. A variety of AIHTs were discussed, including virtual avatar apps, smart homes, predictive analytics, virtual or augmented reality, and robots. The two key categories derived from the literature were (1) influences of AI on nursing education in academic institutions and (2) influences of AI on nursing education in clinical practice.
Conclusions: Curricular reform is urgently needed within nursing education programs in academic institutions and clinical practice settings to prepare nurses and nursing students to practice safely and efficiently in the age of AI. Additionally, nurse educators need to adopt new and evolving pedagogies that incorporate AI to better support students at all levels of education. Finally, nursing students and practicing nurses must be equipped with the requisite knowledge and skills to effectively assess AIHTs and safely integrate those deemed appropriate to support person-centered compassionate nursing care in practice settings.
International registered report identifier irrid: RR2-10.2196/17490.
背景：据预测，人工智能（AI）将改变护理实践的所有领域，包括管理、临床护理、教育、政策和研究。越来越多的研究人员正在探索人工智能健康技术（AIHTs）对护理工作的潜在影响，特别是对护理教育的潜在影响。然而，人们却很少重视对这些文献进行归纳总结：我们进行了一次范围界定综述，总结了人工智能健康技术对护理教育的当前影响和未来十年及以后的预期影响：本次范围界定综述遵循了 2020 年 4 月之前发布的协议。采用既定的范围界定综述方法，检索了 MEDLINE、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature、Embase、PsycINFO、Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、Cochrane Central、Education Resources Information Centre、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Proquest 等数据库。除使用这些电子数据库外，还进行了有针对性的网站搜索，以获取相关灰色文献。摘要和研究全文由两名审稿人按照预先规定的纳入和排除标准进行独立筛选。纳入的文献主要涉及护理教育和包含人工智能的数字医疗技术。采用结构化表格对数据进行图表化处理，并按类别进行叙述性总结：共确定了 27 篇文章（20 篇说明性论文、6 篇采用定量或原型方法的研究和 1 篇定性研究）。研究对象包括护士、护士教育者和护理专业学生，包括入职护士、本科生、研究生和博士生。讨论了各种人工智能HTs，包括虚拟化身应用程序、智能家居、预测分析、虚拟现实或增强现实以及机器人。从文献中得出的两个关键类别是：（1）人工智能对学术机构护理教育的影响；（2）人工智能对临床实践护理教育的影响：学术机构和临床实践环境中的护理教育项目亟需进行课程改革，以培养护士和护理专业学生在人工智能时代安全高效地开展实践。此外，护士教育者需要采用新的、不断发展的教学方法，将人工智能融入其中，以更好地支持各级教育中的学生。最后，护理专业的学生和执业护士必须掌握必要的知识和技能，以有效评估人工智能HTs，并安全地整合那些被认为适合在实践环境中支持以人为本的体恤护理的人工智能HTs：RR2-10.2196/17490。
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