Prospective Cohort Study on the Effect of an Intervention to Reduce Household Air Pollution Among Sudanese Women and Children.

IF 2.4 Q1 Medicine Journal of Health and Pollution Pub Date : 2021-08-17 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI:10.5696/2156-9614-11.31.210905
Alawia K Suliman, Maysoon M Saleh, Kristin Sznajder, Tonya S King, W Stuart Warren
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Abstract

Background: Exposure to household air pollution through the burning of biomass fuels is a global health concern and can lead to negative health outcomes such as asthma and lung disease.

Objectives: The goal of this four-year study was to determine whether an intervention to reduce household air pollution (HAP) which included health education and a new well-ventilated cooking location would reduce exposure to HAP, lower carbon monoxide (CO) levels and improve the health of women and children in Port Sudan, Sudan.

Methods: In 2016, 115 women of low socioeconomic status and their children were invited to participate in the study at two women's centers. One hundred and eleven women consented to participate and were divided into study and control groups on the basis of home ownership. Women who owned their homes learned about the adverse effects of HAP and a well-ventilated outside cooking location (rakoobah) was provided. Control women did not receive HAP education or a rakoobah. Questionnaires were used to assess the effect of education and a new well-ventilated cooking location for a group of Sudanese women who cook with biomass fuels. CO-oximetry was performed. Each year from 2017-2019, the questionnaires and CO-oximetry were repeated.

Results: Sixty-five women and 33 children were assigned to the study group and 46 women and 19 children were assigned to the control group in 2016. Women were enrolled in 2016 with CO levels of 17.8% and 17.4%, respectively. One year later some of the study group women had lower CO levels and others higher, while the CO levels of the controls were stable. An intensive HAP education program was started for the study group women. By 2019, the last study year, the CO levels of both the study and control group women had dropped to normal levels of 2.9% and 3.1%, respectively. Control group women may have benefited from the HAP education and modeled behavior of those in the study group.

Conclusions: The health impact of the change in cooking location was unclear, yet both groups reported fewer health care visits in 2019. Education and an outside cooking location resulted in lower CO levels of Sudanese women and children.

Participant consent: Obtained.

Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Institutional Review Board and the Ethics Committee of the Red Sea University Faculty of Medicine located in Port Sudan, Sudan.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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苏丹妇女和儿童减少家庭空气污染干预效果的前瞻性队列研究。
背景:通过燃烧生物质燃料暴露于室内空气污染是一个全球健康问题,可导致哮喘和肺病等负面健康后果。目的:这项为期四年的研究的目的是确定减少家庭空气污染(HAP)的干预措施(包括健康教育和新的通风良好的烹饪场所)是否会减少暴露于HAP,降低一氧化碳(CO)水平并改善苏丹苏丹港妇女和儿童的健康。方法:2016年,邀请115名社会经济地位较低的妇女及其子女参加两个妇女中心的研究。111名妇女同意参加,并根据房屋所有权分为研究组和对照组。拥有自己房屋的妇女了解了HAP的不利影响,并提供了通风良好的室外烹饪场所(rakoobah)。对照组妇女没有接受过HAP教育或rakoobah。调查问卷用于评估教育和通风良好的新烹饪地点对一群使用生物质燃料烹饪的苏丹妇女的影响。co -氧饱和度测定。2017-2019年,每年重复进行问卷调查和co -血氧测定。结果:2016年,65名妇女和33名儿童被分配到研究组,46名妇女和19名儿童被分配到对照组。2016年,女性的CO含量分别为17.8%和17.4%。一年后,研究小组中的一些女性体内的二氧化碳含量较低,而另一些则较高,而对照组的二氧化碳含量则保持稳定。一项针对研究小组妇女的强化HAP教育计划开始了。到2019年,也就是最后一个研究年度,研究组和对照组女性的CO水平分别降至2.9%和3.1%的正常水平。对照组妇女可能受益于HAP教育和学习小组的模范行为。结论:烹饪地点变化对健康的影响尚不清楚,但两组人在2019年都报告了更少的医疗保健访问。教育和室外烹饪场所导致苏丹妇女和儿童的二氧化碳水平较低。参与者同意:已获取。伦理批准:该研究得到了宾夕法尼亚州立大学米尔顿·s·好时医学中心机构审查委员会和位于苏丹苏丹港的红海大学医学院伦理委员会的批准。利益竞争:作者声明没有经济利益竞争。
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来源期刊
Journal of Health and Pollution
Journal of Health and Pollution Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
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审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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