FAST Proteins: Development and Use of Reverse Genetics Systems for Reoviridae Viruses.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI:10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-070225
Yuta Kanai, Takeshi Kobayashi
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Reverse genetics systems for viruses, the technology used to generate gene-engineered recombinant viruses from artificial genes, enable the study of the roles of the individual nucleotides and amino acids of viral genes and proteins in infectivity, replication, and pathogenicity. The successful development of a reverse genetics system for poliovirus in 1981 accelerated the establishment of protocols for other RNA viruses important for human health. Despite multiple efforts, rotavirus (RV), which causes severe gastroenteritis in infants, was refractory to reverse genetics analysis, and the first complete reverse genetics system for RV was established in 2017. This novel technique involves use of the fusogenic protein FAST (fusion-associated small transmembrane) derived from the bat-borne Nelson Bay orthoreovirus, which induces massive syncytium formation. Co-transfection of a FAST-expressing plasmid with complementary DNAs encoding RV genes enables rescue of recombinant RV. This review focuses on methodological insights into the reverse genetics system for RV and discusses applications and potential improvements to this system.

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快速蛋白:呼肠孤病毒科病毒反向遗传系统的开发和应用。
病毒的反向遗传系统是一种用于从人工基因中产生基因工程重组病毒的技术,可以研究病毒基因和蛋白质的单个核苷酸和氨基酸在感染性、复制性和致病性中的作用。1981年脊髓灰质炎病毒反向遗传系统的成功开发加速了对人类健康重要的其他RNA病毒方案的建立。尽管多方努力,但导致婴儿严重胃肠炎的轮状病毒(RV)难以进行反向遗传学分析,2017年建立了首个完整的RV反向遗传学系统。这项新技术涉及使用从蝙蝠传播的纳尔逊湾正呼肠孤病毒中提取的融合相关小跨膜融合蛋白FAST,该蛋白诱导大量合胞体形成。将fast表达质粒与编码RV基因的互补dna共转染,可以挽救重组RV。本文综述了RV反向遗传系统的方法学见解,并讨论了该系统的应用和潜在的改进。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.40
自引率
0.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Virology serves as a conduit for disseminating thrilling advancements in our comprehension of viruses spanning animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. Its reviews illuminate novel concepts and trajectories in basic virology, elucidating viral disease mechanisms, exploring virus-host interactions, and scrutinizing cellular and immune responses to virus infection. These reviews underscore the exceptional capacity of viruses as potent probes for investigating cellular function.
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