Serum and salivary immunoglobulin G4 levels in children with autism spectrum disorder from south India: a case-control study.

IF 1.4 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY American journal of clinical and experimental immunology Pub Date : 2021-12-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01
Sham Subraya Bhat, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal, Korikkar Mahaling Veena, Anil Kakunje, Kaupu Sathish Rao Sahana, Punchappady Devasya Rekha, Jagadish Chandra, Irshad Nasreen
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Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with wide spectrum of symptoms and few effective therapies. Evidence is suggestive of an association between immune system dysfunction and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children with ASD. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are found to be increased in the circulation of individuals with autism. The prospective study was aimed to estimate and correlate the levels of IgG4 in blood and saliva of children with autism.

Methodology: Blood and unstimulated saliva were collected from 172 children (55 ASD, 57 healthy control, and 60 suspected parasitic infection) aged 0-18 years. Routine blood investigations were done. Serum and salivary IgG4 levels were analyzed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: ELISA tests showed that the IgG4 levels in serum and saliva were significantly increased (P<0.05) in children with ASD as compared to normal control children. Both serum and saliva IgG4 levels showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05).

Conclusion: IgG4 can be used as a potential biomarker for the early detection of ASD. Further, saliva can be a diagnostic, noninvasive assessment tool for health monitoring of children with autism. Lay summary: The collection of saliva is easy and painless compared to other sample collection methods. The present study shows that, among children with autism, brain-reactive antibody, immunoglobulin G4 (gG4), is increased both in blood and saliva, and there is a significant correlation between the two levels. Therefore, the study recommends IgG4 as a potential biomarker for the early detection of autism, and saliva can be helpful in diagnosis and health monitoring of children with ASD.

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南印度自闭症谱系障碍儿童血清和唾液免疫球蛋白G4水平:一项病例对照研究
背景:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种复杂的神经发育障碍,具有广泛的症状,但有效的治疗方法很少。有证据表明,在自闭症谱系障碍儿童中,免疫系统功能障碍与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)之间存在关联。免疫球蛋白(Ig)被发现在自闭症患者的血液循环中增加。这项前瞻性研究旨在估计自闭症儿童血液和唾液中IgG4的水平并将其联系起来。方法:采集172例0 ~ 18岁儿童的血液和未刺激唾液,其中ASD 55例,健康对照57例,疑似寄生虫感染60例。进行常规血液检查。使用市售的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒分析血清和唾液IgG4水平。对数据进行统计分析。结果:ELISA检测显示血清和唾液中IgG4水平显著升高(p结论:IgG4可作为ASD早期检测的潜在生物标志物。此外,唾液可以作为自闭症儿童健康监测的诊断性、非侵入性评估工具。结论:与其他取样方法相比,唾液取样简单、无痛。本研究表明,自闭症儿童血液和唾液中的脑反应性抗体免疫球蛋白G4 (gG4)均升高,且两者水平存在显著相关性。因此,该研究推荐IgG4作为自闭症早期检测的潜在生物标志物,唾液可以帮助自闭症儿童的诊断和健康监测。
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