A review of chemical defense in harlequin toads (Bufonidae: Atelopus)

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY Toxicon: X Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100092
Kannon C. Pearson, Rebecca D. Tarvin
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Toads of the genus Atelopus are chemically defended by a unique combination of endogenously synthesized cardiotoxins (bufadienolides) and neurotoxins which may be sequestered (guanidinium alkaloids). Investigation into Atelopus small-molecule chemical defenses has been primarily concerned with identifying and characterizing various forms of these toxins while largely overlooking their ecological roles and evolutionary implications. In addition to describing the extent of knowledge about Atelopus toxin structures, pharmacology, and biological sources, we review the detection, identification, and quantification methods used in studies of Atelopus toxins to date and conclude that many known toxin profiles are unlikely to be comprehensive because of methodological and sampling limitations. Patterns in existing data suggest that both environmental (toxin availability) and genetic (capacity to synthesize or sequester toxins) factors influence toxin profiles. From an ecological and evolutionary perspective, we summarize the possible selective pressures acting on Atelopus toxicity and toxin profiles, including predation, intraspecies communication, disease, and reproductive status. Ultimately, we intend to provide a basis for future ecological, evolutionary, and biochemical research on Atelopus.

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丑角蟾蜍(蟾科)化学防御研究进展
爪蟾属蟾蜍的化学防御是由内源性合成的心脏毒素(蟾二烯内酯)和可能被隔离的神经毒素(胍生物碱)的独特组合组成的。对爪蟾小分子化学防御的研究主要关注于识别和表征这些毒素的各种形式,而在很大程度上忽视了它们的生态作用和进化意义。除了描述关于爪蟾毒素结构、药理学和生物来源的知识范围外,我们还回顾了迄今为止用于爪蟾毒素研究的检测、鉴定和定量方法,并得出结论,由于方法学和采样的限制,许多已知的毒素谱不太可能全面。现有数据的模式表明,环境因素(毒素可得性)和遗传因素(合成或隔离毒素的能力)都会影响毒素的特征。从生态学和进化的角度,我们总结了可能的选择压力作用于爪蟾的毒性和毒素谱,包括捕食,种内交流,疾病和生殖状态。为今后对爪足类的生态学、进化和生化研究提供基础。
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来源期刊
Toxicon: X
Toxicon: X Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
14 weeks
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