Cold-atmospheric plasma augments functionalities of hybrid polymeric carriers regenerating chronic wounds: In vivo experiments

Abstract

The skin possesses an epithelial barrier. Delivering growth factors to deeper wounds is usually rather challenging, and these typically restrict the therapeutic efficacy for chronic wound healing. Efficient healing of chronic wounds also requires abundant blood flow. Therefore, addressing these concerns is crucial. Among presently accessible biomedical materials, tailored hydrogels are favorable for translational medicine. However, these hydrogels display insufficient mechanical properties, hampering their biomedical uses. Cold-atmospheric plasma (CAP) has potent cross-linking/polymerizing abilities. The CAP was characterized spectroscopically to identify excited radiation and species (hydroxyl and UV). CAP was used to polymerize pyrrole (creating Ppy) and crosslink hybrid polymers (Ppy, hyaluronic acid (HA), and gelatin (GEL)) as a multimodal dressing for chronic wounds (CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA), which were used to incorporate therapeutic platelet proteins (PPs). Herein, the physicochemical and biological features of the developed CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA/PP complex were assessed. CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA/PPs had positive impacts on wound healing in vitro. In addition, the CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA complex has improved mechanical aspects, therapeutics sustained-release/retention effect, and near-infrared (NIR)-driven photothermal-hyperthermic effects on lesions that drive the expression of heat-shock protein (HSP) with anti-inflammatory properties for boosted restoration of diabetic wounds in vivo. These in vitro and in vivo outcomes support the use of CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA/PPs for diabetic wound regeneration.