Active packaging based on wheat germ protein isolate–Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage embedded with D-limonene nanoliposome: preparation and characterization

IF 5.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1186/s40538-023-00441-4

Zohreh Didar, Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad

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Abstract

Background

The aim of this study is to prepare wheat germ protein/Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage (WGPI/MSLM) biocomposite layers embedded with D-limonene nanoliposomes (NLP). The effects of WGPI/MSLM ratio (0.4–2.5), NLP (0–3%), and glycerol content (35–50%, w/w based on WGPI weight) on water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, antioxidant activity, mechanical properties, and solubility of the fabricated bio-nanocomposites were investigated through faced-centered central composite design.

Results

Our results showed the effects of WGPI/MSLM ratio, glycerol content, and liposome content as well as the interaction between the ratio and NLP content on WVP was significant. The sample with 3% NLP and 35% glycerol and a ratio of 0.4 WGPI/MSLM had the lowest solubility. As the ratio of WGPI/MSLM increased, the value of tensile strength (TS) of the samples increased. The lowest elongation at break (26.21%) exhibited by film with 2.5 WGPI/MSLM, 35% glycerol, and no NLP. The highest antioxidant activity (58.6%) was observed in formulated films with 3% NLP, and a WGPI/MSLM ratio of 0.4. The optimal active film was obtained at a ratio of 0.4 WGPI/MSLM, 35% glycerol, and 3% NLP. The analysis confirmed the antibacterial activity of the optimal films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the larger contact angle of the optimal film compared to the control film and the greater roughness of the optimal film compared to the control sample.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study successfully produced active films of wheat germ protein/Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage embedded with D-Limonene nanoliposomes. The optimal active film exhibited low solubility, high tensile strength, high antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Graphical Abstract

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小麦胚分离蛋白包埋d -柠檬烯纳米脂质体的活性包装制备及表征

本研究旨在制备包埋d -柠檬烯纳米脂质体(NLP)的小麦胚芽蛋白/麦草叶粘液(WGPI/MSLM)生物复合层。通过面心中心复合材料设计，研究了WGPI/MSLM比(0.4-2.5)、NLP(0-3%)和甘油含量(35-50%，w/w基于WGPI的重量)对制备的生物纳米复合材料的水蒸气渗透性(WVP)、厚度、抗氧化性、力学性能和溶解度的影响。结果WGPI/MSLM比值、甘油含量、脂质体含量对WVP的影响显著，且与NLP含量的交互作用显著。NLP为3%，甘油为35%，WGPI/MSLM比为0.4时，溶解度最低。随着WGPI/MSLM比的增大，试样的抗拉强度(TS)值增大。断裂伸长率最低的是添加2.5 WGPI/MSLM、35%甘油和不添加NLP的薄膜(26.21%)。NLP添加量为3%时，WGPI/MSLM比为0.4，抗氧化活性最高(58.6%)。以0.4 WGPI/MSLM、35%甘油和3% NLP为配比获得最佳活性膜。分析证实了最优膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性，并且最优膜的接触角比对照膜大，最优膜的粗糙度比对照样品大。结论本研究成功制备了包埋d -柠檬烯纳米脂质体的小麦胚芽蛋白/麦草叶黏液活性膜。该活性膜具有低溶解度、高抗拉强度、高抗氧化活性以及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

3.00%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture. This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.