Venom profile of the European carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea: Evolutionary and applied considerations on its toxin components

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY Toxicon: X Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100117
Björn M. von Reumont , Sebastien Dutertre , Ivan Koludarov
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Modern venomics is increasing its focus on hymenopterans such as honeybees, bumblebees, parasitoid wasps, ants and true wasps. However solitary bees remain understudied in comparison and the few available venom studies focus on short melittin-like sequences and antimicrobial peptides. Herein we describe the first comprehensive venom profile of a solitary bee, the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea, by using proteo-transcriptomics. We reveal a diverse and complex venom profile with 43 different protein families identified from dissected venom gland extracts of which 32 are also detected in the defensively injected venom. Melittin and apamin are the most highly secreted components, followed by Phospholipase A2, Icarapin, Secapin and three novel components. Other components, including eight novel protein families, are rather lowly expressed. We further identify multiple forms of apamin-like peptides. The melittin-like sequences of solitary bees separate into two clades, one comprised most sequences from solitary bees including xylopin (the variant in Xylocopa), while sequences from Lasioglossa appear closer related to melittin-like peptides from Bombus (Bombolittins). Our study suggests that more proteo-transcriptomic data from other solitary bees should be complemented with corresponding genome data to fully understand the evolution and complexity of bee venom proteins, and is of a particular need to disentangle the ambiguous phylogenetic relations of short peptides.

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欧洲木蜂(Xylocopa violacea)的毒液谱:毒素成分的进化和应用考虑
现代基因组学越来越关注膜翅目昆虫,如蜜蜂、大黄蜂、寄生蜂、蚂蚁和真黄蜂。然而,相比之下,对独居蜜蜂的研究仍然不足,而且很少有关于毒液的研究集中在蜂毒蛋白样短序列和抗菌肽上。在这里,我们通过蛋白质转录组学描述了一种孤独的蜜蜂,紫罗兰木匠蜂Xylocopa violacea的第一个全面的毒液特征。我们揭示了一个多样化和复杂的毒液轮廓与43个不同的蛋白质家族鉴定从解剖的毒腺提取物,其中32也检测到防御性注射毒液。Melittin和apamin是分泌最多的成分,其次是磷脂酶A2, Icarapin, Secapin和三个新成分。其他成分,包括8个新的蛋白质家族,表达水平相当低。我们进一步鉴定了多种形式的阿帕胺样肽。独居蜂的蜂毒蛋白样序列分为两个分支,一个分支包含了大部分来自独居蜂的序列,包括xylopin (Xylocopa的变体),而来自Lasioglossa的序列似乎与来自Bombus的蜂毒蛋白样肽(bombolittin)更接近。我们的研究表明,更多来自其他独居蜜蜂的蛋白质转录组学数据应该与相应的基因组数据相补充,以充分了解蜂毒蛋白质的进化和复杂性,特别是需要解开短肽的模糊系统发育关系。
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来源期刊
Toxicon: X
Toxicon: X Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
14 weeks
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