Parasites in kelp-forest food webs increase food-chain length, complexity, and specialization, but reduce connectance

IF 7.1 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Ecological Monographs Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI:10.1002/ecm.1506
Dana N. Morton, Kevin D. Lafferty
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

We explored whether parasites are important in kelp forests by examining their effects on a high-quality, high-resolution kelp-forest food web. After controlling for generic effects of network size, parasites affected kelp-forest food web structure in some ways consistent with other systems. Parasites increased the trophic span of the web, increasing top predator vulnerability and the longest chain length. Unique links associated with parasites, such as concomitant predation (consumption of parasites along with their hosts by predators) increased the frequency of network motifs involving mutual consumption and decreased niche contiguity of free-living species. However, parasites also affected kelp-forest food web structure in ways not seen in other systems. Kelp-forest parasites are richer and more specialized than other systems. As a result, parasites reduced diet generality and decreased connectance in the kelp forest. Although mutual consumption motifs increased in frequency, this motif type was still a small fraction of all possible motifs, so their increase in frequency was not enough to compensate for the decrease in connectance caused by adding many specialist parasite species.

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海带森林食物网中的寄生虫增加了食物链的长度、复杂性和专业化,但减少了联系
我们通过检查寄生虫对高质量、高分辨率海带森林食物网的影响,探讨了寄生虫在海带森林中是否重要。在控制了网络大小的一般效应后,寄生虫以与其他系统一致的方式影响海带森林食物网结构。寄生虫增加了网的营养跨度,增加了顶端捕食者的脆弱性和最长的链长度。与寄生虫相关的独特联系,如伴随捕食(捕食者吃掉寄生虫和它们的宿主)增加了涉及相互吞噬的网络基序的频率,降低了自由生活物种的生态位邻近性。然而,寄生虫也以其他系统中未见的方式影响海带森林食物网结构。海藻林的寄生虫比其他系统更丰富,也更专业化。结果,寄生虫降低了海带森林的食性和连通性。尽管相互消耗基序的频率增加了,但这种基序类型仍然只占所有可能基序的一小部分,因此它们频率的增加不足以弥补由于添加许多特殊寄生虫物种而导致的连通性下降。
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来源期刊
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Monographs 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The vision for Ecological Monographs is that it should be the place for publishing integrative, synthetic papers that elaborate new directions for the field of ecology. Original Research Papers published in Ecological Monographs will continue to document complex observational, experimental, or theoretical studies that by their very integrated nature defy dissolution into shorter publications focused on a single topic or message. Reviews will be comprehensive and synthetic papers that establish new benchmarks in the field, define directions for future research, contribute to fundamental understanding of ecological principles, and derive principles for ecological management in its broadest sense (including, but not limited to: conservation, mitigation, restoration, and pro-active protection of the environment). Reviews should reflect the full development of a topic and encompass relevant natural history, observational and experimental data, analyses, models, and theory. Reviews published in Ecological Monographs should further blur the boundaries between “basic” and “applied” ecology. Concepts and Synthesis papers will conceptually advance the field of ecology. These papers are expected to go well beyond works being reviewed and include discussion of new directions, new syntheses, and resolutions of old questions. In this world of rapid scientific advancement and never-ending environmental change, there needs to be room for the thoughtful integration of scientific ideas, data, and concepts that feeds the mind and guides the development of the maturing science of ecology. Ecological Monographs provides that room, with an expansive view to a sustainable future.
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