Complex distal tibia fractures treated with multi-planar external fixation - a single center experience.

Abstract

Introduction: Multi-planar external fixation is used for the management of complex distal tibia fractures. This study aims to describe our experience of treating distal tibia fractures using the Ilizarov, Taylor Spatial Frame and True-Lok Hex external fixation methods.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological records of all distal tibia fractures that were managed with multi-planar external fixation over a period of 3 years. A total of 13 cases were included, of which most were high-energy injuries.

Results: The average age of the patients was 44 years old. 11 (85%) cases were high-energy trauma due to road traffic accidents. 8 (62%) cases involved the revision of a previous fixation method. Most (77%) cases were AO classification Type 3, and the majority (62%) of cases were open fractures. The average duration in the external fixator frame and time to radiological union was 5 months and 6 months respectively. The average malalignment at union was 1.3 degrees and 0.5 degrees in the coronal plane and sagittal plane respectively. All fractures involving the joint line were adequately restored. There were 2 (16%) case of non-union and 2 (15%) cases of pin site infections. 1 case required a corticotomy and subsequent lengthening.

Conclusion: Multi-planar circular external fixation is a reliable method to treat complex distal tibia fractures, both in the acute setting and as revision surgery. The rates of fracture union is high, with minimal malalignment. Although pin site infections are relatively common, they are uncomplicated and easily treated.