Combined effects of voluntary running and liraglutide on glucose homeostasis, fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue phospholipids, and white adipose tissue browning in db/db mice.
Ruili Yin, Yan Ma, Ning Zhang, Longyan Yang, Dong Zhao
{"title":"Combined effects of voluntary running and liraglutide on glucose homeostasis, fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue phospholipids, and white adipose tissue browning in db/db mice.","authors":"Ruili Yin, Yan Ma, Ning Zhang, Longyan Yang, Dong Zhao","doi":"10.4103/cjp.cjp_87_21","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a potential therapeutic application targeting brown adipose tissue (BAT). Either voluntary running or liraglutide increases the thermogenesis of BAT in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their combined effect is not yet clarified. Male leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into voluntary running, liraglutide, voluntary running + liraglutide, and control groups (n = 6/group). Normal male C57 mice were the negative control (n = 6). Fasting blood glucose was monitored every week, plasma insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed, and thermogenic protein expression in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed by the western blot. A total of 128 metabolites associated with phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and ceramides were targeted in BAT. Compared to the control group, voluntary running or liraglutide treatment significantly lowered the blood glucose and increased the insulin level; the combined group showed a better effect than liraglutide alone. Hence, the combined treatment showed an enhanced hypoglycemic effect. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and OXPHOS protein expression in BAT and UCP1 in WAT were significantly increased after exercise training and liraglutide treatment. However, BAT metabolomics showed that compared to the control mice, nine fatty acids increased in the exercise group, six increased in the liraglutide group, and only three increased in the combined group. These results may suggest a higher hypoglycemic effect and the activation of BAT and WAT browning in the combined group.</p>","PeriodicalId":10251,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese Journal of Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjp.cjp_87_21","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
There is a potential therapeutic application targeting brown adipose tissue (BAT). Either voluntary running or liraglutide increases the thermogenesis of BAT in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their combined effect is not yet clarified. Male leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into voluntary running, liraglutide, voluntary running + liraglutide, and control groups (n = 6/group). Normal male C57 mice were the negative control (n = 6). Fasting blood glucose was monitored every week, plasma insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed, and thermogenic protein expression in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed by the western blot. A total of 128 metabolites associated with phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and ceramides were targeted in BAT. Compared to the control group, voluntary running or liraglutide treatment significantly lowered the blood glucose and increased the insulin level; the combined group showed a better effect than liraglutide alone. Hence, the combined treatment showed an enhanced hypoglycemic effect. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and OXPHOS protein expression in BAT and UCP1 in WAT were significantly increased after exercise training and liraglutide treatment. However, BAT metabolomics showed that compared to the control mice, nine fatty acids increased in the exercise group, six increased in the liraglutide group, and only three increased in the combined group. These results may suggest a higher hypoglycemic effect and the activation of BAT and WAT browning in the combined group.
期刊介绍:
Chinese Journal of Physiology is a multidisciplinary open access journal.
Chinese Journal of Physiology (CJP) publishes high quality original research papers in physiology and pathophysiology by authors all over the world. CJP welcomes submitted research papers in all aspects of physiology science in the molecular, cellular, tissue and systemic levels. Multidisciplinary sciences with a focus to understand the role of physiology in health and disease are also encouraged.
Chinese Journal of Physiology accepts fourfold article types: Original Article, Review Article (Mini-Review included), Short Communication, and Editorial. There is no cost for readers to access the full-text contents of publications.