{"title":"A Demographic Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in the Era of COVID-19.","authors":"Robert C Clark, Bijal Desai, Edward H Davidson","doi":"10.1177/19433875211047037","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The challenges of COVID-19 could magnify socioeconomic vulnerability for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma. This study compares subjects who presented with CMF fractures to a regional healthcare system during the pandemic with those in 2019. We hypothesized societal circumstances of 2020 would correlate with disproportionately more CMF fractures in vulnerable patients compared to pre-pandemic trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An IRB approved retrospective study of CMF fracture presentations in 2019 and 2020 was performed. Demographics, injury details, and management details were collected. A residence-based poverty index was calculated for each subject utilizing census data. Pre-pandemic and pandemic cases were compared to identify differences between cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A large decrease in presentations was noted between pre-pandemic and pandemic cohorts. There was significantly greater poverty the pre-pandemic cohort as compared to the pandemic cohort (<i>P</i> = .026). Overall, there was a significant correlation between higher poverty and violent MOI (<i>P</i> < .001). This association was maintained pre-pandemic, (<i>P</i> = .001) but was insignificant in the pandemic cohort (<i>P</i> = .108). Difference between cohorts with respect to violent injury was non-significant (<i>P</i> = .559) with non-significant difference in demographics including age (<i>P</i> = .390), place of injury (<i>P</i> = .136), employment status (<i>P</i> = .905), insurance status (<i>P</i> = .580), marital status (<i>P</i> = .711), ethnicity (<i>P</i> = .068), and gender (<i>P</i> = .656). Management was not significantly different between cohorts including percent hospital admission (<i>P</i> = .396), surgical intervention (<i>P</i> = .120), and time to operation (<i>P</i> = .109).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to our hypothesis, this analysis indicates that the societal changes brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic did not magnify vulnerable populations. Some changes were noted including in volume of presentation, demographic distribution, and injury detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9647377/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875211047037","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/9/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Study design: Retrospective cohort study.
Objective: The challenges of COVID-19 could magnify socioeconomic vulnerability for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma. This study compares subjects who presented with CMF fractures to a regional healthcare system during the pandemic with those in 2019. We hypothesized societal circumstances of 2020 would correlate with disproportionately more CMF fractures in vulnerable patients compared to pre-pandemic trends.
Methods: An IRB approved retrospective study of CMF fracture presentations in 2019 and 2020 was performed. Demographics, injury details, and management details were collected. A residence-based poverty index was calculated for each subject utilizing census data. Pre-pandemic and pandemic cases were compared to identify differences between cohorts.
Results: A large decrease in presentations was noted between pre-pandemic and pandemic cohorts. There was significantly greater poverty the pre-pandemic cohort as compared to the pandemic cohort (P = .026). Overall, there was a significant correlation between higher poverty and violent MOI (P < .001). This association was maintained pre-pandemic, (P = .001) but was insignificant in the pandemic cohort (P = .108). Difference between cohorts with respect to violent injury was non-significant (P = .559) with non-significant difference in demographics including age (P = .390), place of injury (P = .136), employment status (P = .905), insurance status (P = .580), marital status (P = .711), ethnicity (P = .068), and gender (P = .656). Management was not significantly different between cohorts including percent hospital admission (P = .396), surgical intervention (P = .120), and time to operation (P = .109).
Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, this analysis indicates that the societal changes brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic did not magnify vulnerable populations. Some changes were noted including in volume of presentation, demographic distribution, and injury detail.
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