首页 > 最新文献

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction最新文献

英文 中文
Comparing Current Practice Habits for Treatment of Subcondylar Fracture Among Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons. 比较颅颌面外科医生目前治疗髁下骨折的实践习惯。
IF 0.8 Q4 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231194242
Heather K Schopper, Brandyn Dunn, Richard Davila, Kevin J Sykes, John P Flynn, J David Kriet, Clinton D Humphrey

Study design: Survey.

Objective: Subcondylar fractures stand out as a particular challenge when treating maxillofacial trauma. The fracture site is often difficult to access and adjacent to critical structures like the facial nerve. Current treatment paradigms vary widely and we endeavored to elucidate these approaches from surgeons across the full breadth of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery.

Methods: A survey was designed to gather general background training and experience information, perceived indications for ORIF of subcondylar fractures, options for treating subcondylar fractures, and reasoning for choosing or not choosing a given treatment approach. The survey was sent to members of AO CMF and the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. Responses were collected for 4 weeks.

Results: 514 total responses to the survey were obtained (response rate 17%). Of these, 43 (8.4%) identified as Otolaryngology trained, 417 (81.1%) as OMFS trained, and 54 (10.5%) as Plastic Surgery trained. While there was broad agreement in the indications for open repair, surgical approaches differed by specialty background as well as AO faculty member status. Those with less experience were less likely to perform open approaches due to lack of comfort with this skill set.

Conclusions: There are some key differences in approaches to treatment of subcondylar fractures based upon specialty background and experience level. This provides an opportunity for further education to ensure optimal treatment for patients.

研究设计调查:在治疗颌面部创伤时,软骨下骨折是一项特殊的挑战。骨折部位往往难以触及,而且毗邻面神经等重要结构。目前的治疗范例千差万别,我们试图从整个颅颌面外科的外科医生那里阐明这些方法:我们设计了一项调查,以收集一般背景培训和经验信息、软骨下骨折 ORIF 的感知适应症、治疗软骨下骨折的选择,以及选择或不选择特定治疗方法的理由。调查问卷发送给了 AO CMF 和美国面部整形外科学会的会员。收集回复的时间为 4 周:调查共收到 514 份回复(回复率为 17%)。其中 43 人(8.4%)接受过耳鼻喉科培训,417 人(81.1%)接受过 OMFS 培训,54 人(10.5%)接受过整形外科培训。虽然在开放性修复的适应症方面存在广泛共识,但手术方法因专业背景和 AO 教员身份而异。经验较少的医生不太可能进行开放式手术,因为他们对这一技能缺乏舒适感:结论:根据专业背景和经验水平的不同,治疗髁下骨折的方法也存在一些关键差异。这为进一步开展教育提供了机会,以确保为患者提供最佳治疗。
{"title":"Comparing Current Practice Habits for Treatment of Subcondylar Fracture Among Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons.","authors":"Heather K Schopper, Brandyn Dunn, Richard Davila, Kevin J Sykes, John P Flynn, J David Kriet, Clinton D Humphrey","doi":"10.1177/19433875231194242","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231194242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Survey.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Subcondylar fractures stand out as a particular challenge when treating maxillofacial trauma. The fracture site is often difficult to access and adjacent to critical structures like the facial nerve. Current treatment paradigms vary widely and we endeavored to elucidate these approaches from surgeons across the full breadth of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was designed to gather general background training and experience information, perceived indications for ORIF of subcondylar fractures, options for treating subcondylar fractures, and reasoning for choosing or not choosing a given treatment approach. The survey was sent to members of AO CMF and the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. Responses were collected for 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>514 total responses to the survey were obtained (response rate 17%). Of these, 43 (8.4%) identified as Otolaryngology trained, 417 (81.1%) as OMFS trained, and 54 (10.5%) as Plastic Surgery trained. While there was broad agreement in the indications for open repair, surgical approaches differed by specialty background as well as AO faculty member status. Those with less experience were less likely to perform open approaches due to lack of comfort with this skill set.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are some key differences in approaches to treatment of subcondylar fractures based upon specialty background and experience level. This provides an opportunity for further education to ensure optimal treatment for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87256970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Single Center Experience: A Retrospective Study Over 10-Years Period on Mandible Fractures. 单个中心的经验:下颌骨骨折 10 年回顾性研究
IF 0.8 Q4 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231176338
Gabriele Monarchi, Riccardo Girotto, Mariagrazia Paglianiti, Paolo Balercia

Study design: The purpose of this study was to do a retrospective analysis about patients with mandibular fracture who were treated at the department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Ancona, Italy, between 2011 and 2021.

Objective: In this study we evaluated clinical and epidemiological findings of mandible fractures focusing on the association between surgical timing, type of surgical approach and mid- and long-term outcomes.

Methods: Patients were evaluated based on various parameters including age, sex, etiology, symptoms, comorbidity, clinical findings, mandible fracture type, other facial fractures, treatment, waiting time before the operation, complications and sequelae. In the period described, we recorded 1023 mandibular fractures. 93% of patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia, almost exclusively patients undergoing an open approach to internal fixation.

Results: Of the patients, 684 were male (66.86%) and 339 were female (33.13%). The average age of the patients was 42, 38 years (range, 7-94 years). The leading cause of these fractures was traffic accidents (27.3%) and mandibular parasymphysis fractures were the most frequent (34.1%). The most common clinical signs and symptoms were malocclusion, difficulty in chewing, limitation of the buccal opening, hypoesthesia extending through the territory of the inferior alveolar nerve, difficulty in protrusion movements and mandibular lateralization.

Conclusions: The continuous research in epidemiology, etiology, materials, and techniques will further refine the treatments of mandible fractures, which are nowadays more and more customized according to the type of trauma.

研究设计:本研究旨在对2011年至2021年间在意大利安科纳地区大学医院颌面外科接受治疗的下颌骨骨折患者进行回顾性分析:在这项研究中,我们评估了下颌骨骨折的临床和流行病学调查结果,重点研究了手术时机、手术方式类型和中长期疗效之间的关联:根据患者的年龄、性别、病因、症状、合并症、临床表现、下颌骨骨折类型、其他面部骨折、治疗、手术前等待时间、并发症和后遗症等各种参数对患者进行评估。在所述期间,我们记录了 1023 例下颌骨骨折。93%的患者在全身麻醉下接受了手术,几乎所有患者都接受了开放式内固定手术:患者中,男性 684 人(66.86%),女性 339 人(33.13%)。患者平均年龄为 42.38 岁(7-94 岁不等)。造成这些骨折的主要原因是交通事故(27.3%),下颌骨副干骨折最为常见(34.1%)。最常见的临床症状和体征是错牙合畸形、咀嚼困难、颊部开口受限、下牙槽神经区域感觉减退、前突运动困难和下颌侧移:结论:对流行病学、病因学、材料和技术的不断研究将进一步完善下颌骨骨折的治疗方法,如今,下颌骨骨折的治疗方法越来越多地根据创伤类型进行定制。
{"title":"A Single Center Experience: A Retrospective Study Over 10-Years Period on Mandible Fractures.","authors":"Gabriele Monarchi, Riccardo Girotto, Mariagrazia Paglianiti, Paolo Balercia","doi":"10.1177/19433875231176338","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231176338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>The purpose of this study was to do a retrospective analysis about patients with mandibular fracture who were treated at the department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Ancona, Italy, between 2011 and 2021.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study we evaluated clinical and epidemiological findings of mandible fractures focusing on the association between surgical timing, type of surgical approach and mid- and long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were evaluated based on various parameters including age, sex, etiology, symptoms, comorbidity, clinical findings, mandible fracture type, other facial fractures, treatment, waiting time before the operation, complications and sequelae. In the period described, we recorded 1023 mandibular fractures. 93% of patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia, almost exclusively patients undergoing an open approach to internal fixation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients, 684 were male (66.86%) and 339 were female (33.13%). The average age of the patients was 42, 38 years (range, 7-94 years). The leading cause of these fractures was traffic accidents (27.3%) and mandibular parasymphysis fractures were the most frequent (34.1%). The most common clinical signs and symptoms were malocclusion, difficulty in chewing, limitation of the buccal opening, hypoesthesia extending through the territory of the inferior alveolar nerve, difficulty in protrusion movements and mandibular lateralization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The continuous research in epidemiology, etiology, materials, and techniques will further refine the treatments of mandible fractures, which are nowadays more and more customized according to the type of trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82661820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Precision and Progress: Key Developments in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. 精确与进步:颅颌面外科的重要发展。
IF 0.8 Q4 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/19433875241286628
{"title":"Precision and Progress: Key Developments in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/19433875241286628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875241286628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patterns of Midface and Mandible Fractures in a Government Hospital. 一家政府医院的中面部和下颌骨骨折模式。
IF 0.8 Q4 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231151317
Daniel Delgado-Piedra, Guillermina Castillo Ham, Mario A Téliz, Fabiola Salgado-Chavarría, Paola García-Vázquez

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Objective: The prevalence and etiology of facial fractures differ in each country. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns, trauma mechanism, and treatment of midface and mandible fractures in a government hospital in Mexico City. Methods: A three-year cross-sectional study was done at Balbuena General Hospital in Mexico City. The variables of interest were age, gender, place of origin, fracture site, trauma mechanism, and treatment. Between 2016 and 2019, physical and electronic data records of patients that exhibited facial fractures were included. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis and a chi-square test. Results: A total of 490 cases of fractures in the maxillofacial region were reviewed, of which 237 (47%) cases presented fractures in the midface. A higher male ratio (M: F 12:1) was observed. The age range varied between 18 and 80 years, with a mean of 35.58 ± 14 years. The most frequent diagnosis was a zygomatic complex fracture, 37.97%. (n = 90). The most frequent trauma mechanism was interpersonal violence at 55.93% (n = 132) in both places of origin (P = .06). Conservative treatment was more frequent at 71.67% in intrapersonal violence (P = .019). Interpersonal violence was more frequent in males at 61.64%, and motor vehicle accident was more frequent in female at 61.11% (P = .028). Conclusions: The analysis provides information that can help to focus preventive measures regarding facial fractures, especially on efforts to reduce interpersonal violence.

研究设计:横断面研究。研究目的每个国家面部骨折的发病率和病因都不尽相同。本研究旨在确定墨西哥城一家政府医院中面部和下颌骨骨折的模式、创伤机制和治疗方法。研究方法墨西哥城巴尔布埃纳综合医院进行了一项为期三年的横断面研究。研究变量包括年龄、性别、籍贯、骨折部位、创伤机制和治疗方法。研究纳入了 2016 年至 2019 年期间面部骨折患者的物理和电子数据记录。统计分析包括描述性分析和卡方检验。结果共审查了 490 例颌面部骨折病例,其中 237 例(47%)为中面部骨折。男性比例较高(男:女为 12:1)。年龄范围在 18 至 80 岁之间,平均年龄为 35.58 ± 14 岁。最常见的诊断是颧骨复合体骨折,占 37.97%(n = 90)。(n = 90).最常见的创伤机制是人际暴力,占 55.93%(n = 132),两地均是(P = .06)。保守治疗在人际暴力中更为常见,占 71.67%(P = .019)。人际暴力在男性中更常见,占 61.64%,而机动车事故在女性中更常见,占 61.11%(P = .028)。结论该分析提供的信息有助于关注面部骨折的预防措施,尤其是减少人际暴力的工作。
{"title":"Patterns of Midface and Mandible Fractures in a Government Hospital.","authors":"Daniel Delgado-Piedra, Guillermina Castillo Ham, Mario A Téliz, Fabiola Salgado-Chavarría, Paola García-Vázquez","doi":"10.1177/19433875231151317","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231151317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Study Design:</b> Cross-sectional study. <b>Objective:</b> The prevalence and etiology of facial fractures differ in each country. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns, trauma mechanism, and treatment of midface and mandible fractures in a government hospital in Mexico City. <b>Methods:</b> A three-year cross-sectional study was done at Balbuena General Hospital in Mexico City. The variables of interest were age, gender, place of origin, fracture site, trauma mechanism, and treatment. Between 2016 and 2019, physical and electronic data records of patients that exhibited facial fractures were included. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis and a chi-square test. <b>Results:</b> A total of 490 cases of fractures in the maxillofacial region were reviewed, of which 237 (47%) cases presented fractures in the midface. A higher male ratio (M: F 12:1) was observed. The age range varied between 18 and 80 years, with a mean of 35.58 ± 14 years. The most frequent diagnosis was a zygomatic complex fracture, 37.97%. (n = 90). The most frequent trauma mechanism was interpersonal violence at 55.93% (n = 132) in both places of origin (<i>P</i> = .06). Conservative treatment was more frequent at 71.67% in intrapersonal violence (<i>P</i> = .019). Interpersonal violence was more frequent in males at 61.64%, and motor vehicle accident was more frequent in female at 61.11% (<i>P</i> = .028). <b>Conclusions:</b> The analysis provides information that can help to focus preventive measures regarding facial fractures, especially on efforts to reduce interpersonal violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89539224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revision Surgery With Refixation After Mandibular Fractures. 下颌骨骨折后的复位翻修手术
IF 0.8 Q4 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231179318
Claudius Steffen, Margrit Welter, Heilwig Fischer, Maximilian Goedecke, Christian Doll, Steffen Koerdt, Kilian Kreutzer, Max Heiland, Carsten Rendenbach, Jan O Voss

Study design: Retrospective, descriptive observational study.

Objective: The need for revision surgery after mandibular fractures is an indicator for severe postoperative complications. This study aimed to characterise this patient cohort, describe solutions to deal with complications and evaluate treatment quality as a risk variable for complications.

Methods: Patients with revision surgery with refixation after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a mandible fracture were included. Patient- and therapy-specific information were assessed together with postoperative complications. The quality of fixation was evaluated individually by 6 specialists. Interobserver agreement was analysed using Fleiss' kappa.

Results: Out of 630 patients, inclusion criteria were met by 17 patients (14 male, 3 female) with an average age of 43.3 (±15.5) years. Complications at the mandible body/angle/symphysis led to refixation in all cases. Main indications for refixation were osteomyelitis (52.9%) or pseudarthrosis (41.2%). Risk factors were drug-related immune suppression, local infection or substance abuse (nicotine, alcohol or drugs). Six patients did not present any of these predictors. Of these, treatment of 4 patients was rated as not in accordance to the AO principles. The interrater reliability of treatment quality assessments was .239.

Conclusions: Patients with risk factors need to be carefully observed perioperatively after ORIF of mandibular fractures and treatments need to be adapted to these patients. Discrepancies of treatments to common guidelines may also be an independent predictor for treatment failure in patients without risk factors. Current treatment guidelines should be re-evaluated concerning additional treatment strategies for patients with specific risk factors.

研究设计回顾性、描述性观察研究:下颌骨骨折后需要进行翻修手术是严重术后并发症的一个指标。本研究旨在描述这一患者群体的特征,描述处理并发症的解决方案,并评估作为并发症风险变量的治疗质量:方法:纳入下颌骨骨折开放复位内固定术(ORIF)后进行翻修手术并复位的患者。方法:纳入下颌骨骨折切开复位内固定术(ORIF)后进行翻修手术并再固定的患者,同时评估患者和治疗方法的具体信息以及术后并发症。固定质量由 6 位专家分别进行评估。采用弗莱斯卡帕法分析观察者之间的一致性:在 630 名患者中,符合纳入标准的有 17 名(14 名男性,3 名女性),平均年龄为 43.3 (±15.5) 岁。所有病例均因下颌骨体/角/干骺端并发症而接受了复位手术。重新固定的主要适应症是骨髓炎(52.9%)或假关节(41.2%)。风险因素包括与药物相关的免疫抑制、局部感染或药物滥用(尼古丁、酒精或毒品)。有 6 名患者不存在上述任何预测因素。其中,4 名患者的治疗被评为不符合 AO 原则。治疗质量评估的交互可靠性为 0.239:下颌骨骨折 ORIF 术后围术期需要仔细观察有风险因素的患者,并根据这些患者的情况调整治疗方法。治疗方法与通用指南不一致也可能是导致无危险因素患者治疗失败的独立预测因素。应重新评估当前的治疗指南,为具有特定风险因素的患者制定额外的治疗策略。
{"title":"Revision Surgery With Refixation After Mandibular Fractures.","authors":"Claudius Steffen, Margrit Welter, Heilwig Fischer, Maximilian Goedecke, Christian Doll, Steffen Koerdt, Kilian Kreutzer, Max Heiland, Carsten Rendenbach, Jan O Voss","doi":"10.1177/19433875231179318","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231179318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective, descriptive observational study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The need for revision surgery after mandibular fractures is an indicator for severe postoperative complications. This study aimed to characterise this patient cohort, describe solutions to deal with complications and evaluate treatment quality as a risk variable for complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with revision surgery with refixation after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a mandible fracture were included. Patient- and therapy-specific information were assessed together with postoperative complications. The quality of fixation was evaluated individually by 6 specialists. Interobserver agreement was analysed using Fleiss' kappa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 630 patients, inclusion criteria were met by 17 patients (14 male, 3 female) with an average age of 43.3 (±15.5) years. Complications at the mandible body/angle/symphysis led to refixation in all cases. Main indications for refixation were osteomyelitis (52.9%) or pseudarthrosis (41.2%). Risk factors were drug-related immune suppression, local infection or substance abuse (nicotine, alcohol or drugs). Six patients did not present any of these predictors. Of these, treatment of 4 patients was rated as not in accordance to the AO principles. The interrater reliability of treatment quality assessments was .239.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with risk factors need to be carefully observed perioperatively after ORIF of mandibular fractures and treatments need to be adapted to these patients. Discrepancies of treatments to common guidelines may also be an independent predictor for treatment failure in patients without risk factors. Current treatment guidelines should be re-evaluated concerning additional treatment strategies for patients with specific risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81276127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anatomical Landmarks and Branching Patterns of the Greater Auricular Nerve. 大耳廓神经的解剖标志和分支模式
IF 0.8 Q4 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231183032
Swafiya Busaidy Salim, Thomas Amuti, Fawzia Butt

Descriptive cross-sectional study. Background: The greater auricular nerve (GAN) courses over the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) to supply the area of skin over the parotid gland (PG), the lower auricle and over the mastoid. It is vulnerable to injury during rhytidectomies and parotidectomies, resulting in sensory losses and pain. Although previous studies have identified suitable landmarks, injury to the GAN in the Kenyan setting still occurs. This study therefore aimed at identifying specific landmarks for the GAN and describing its branching pattern. Objective: To determine the anatomical landmarks of the GAN and its branching patterns. Methods: Forty six nerves were studied. The skin and fascia of the neck was carefully dissected to reveal the platysma muscle, which was reflected to expose the GAN. The distance of the emergence of the GAN on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle as measured from the mastoid process (MP) was measured. Its perpendicular distance from the tragus to the point of branching was also measured. Its distance to the external jugular vein (EJV) was taken using a ruler and a pair of dividers. Finally, the nerve was described according to McKinney's point. The pattern of branching was described as either type 1 (no branching), type 2 (2 branches) or type 3 (3 branches). The position of branching was classified as either anterior, posterior or middle. Collected data was coded into SPSS software (Version 21.0, Chicago, Illinois), and means ± standard deviation were calculated. Representative photos were taken. Results: The mean distance of the point of emergence of the nerve was 9.13 cm +/- 1.66 cm from the MP, while its distance from the tragus was 6.93 cm +/- 1.55. It was also located at a distance of 1.67 cm from the EJV. It mainly bifurcated into two branches (55.6%) and trifurcated in 4.4% of the cases. It remained undivided in 40% of the cases. In our study, the nerve mainly bifurcates in the anterior third of the SCM (22.2%). Conclusions: The GAN in our population mainly bifurcates, and it is more likely to divide closer to the parotid gland. The data presented in the study may be helpful in avoiding its iatrogenic injury.

描述性横断面研究。研究背景大耳廓神经(GAN)穿过胸锁乳突肌(SCM),供应腮腺(PG)、下耳廓和乳突上方的皮肤区域。在韵膜切除术和腮腺切除术中,它很容易受伤,导致感觉缺失和疼痛。尽管之前的研究已经确定了合适的地标,但在肯尼亚,GAN 的损伤仍时有发生。因此,本研究旨在确定 GAN 的特定地标并描述其分支模式。目标: 确定 GAN 的解剖地标确定 GAN 的解剖标志及其分支模式。方法:对 46 条神经进行研究:研究了 46 条神经。仔细剥离颈部皮肤和筋膜,显露板状肌,反射板状肌以暴露 GAN。从乳突(MP)测量 GAN 在胸锁乳突肌后缘出现的距离。还测量了其从外耳到分支点的垂直距离。使用直尺和一对分隔器测量其与颈外静脉(EJV)的距离。最后,根据麦金尼点对神经进行描述。分支模式被描述为 1 型(无分支)、2 型(2 个分支)或 3 型(3 个分支)。分支位置分为前部、后部或中部。收集到的数据用 SPSS 软件(21.0 版,芝加哥,伊利诺斯州)进行编码,并计算平均值 ± 标准偏差。拍摄具有代表性的照片。结果神经萌发点距MP的平均距离为9.13厘米+/- 1.66厘米,距颅骨的平均距离为6.93厘米+/- 1.55厘米。它与外耳道的距离也是 1.67 厘米。它主要分叉为两支(55.6%),4.4%的病例为三叉。40%的病例中神经没有分叉。在我们的研究中,该神经主要在SCM的前三分之一处分叉(22.2%)。结论我国人群中的 GAN 主要分叉,而且更有可能在靠近腮腺处分叉。本研究提供的数据可能有助于避免其先天性损伤。
{"title":"Anatomical Landmarks and Branching Patterns of the Greater Auricular Nerve.","authors":"Swafiya Busaidy Salim, Thomas Amuti, Fawzia Butt","doi":"10.1177/19433875231183032","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231183032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Descriptive cross-sectional study. <b>Background:</b> The greater auricular nerve (GAN) courses over the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) to supply the area of skin over the parotid gland (PG), the lower auricle and over the mastoid. It is vulnerable to injury during rhytidectomies and parotidectomies, resulting in sensory losses and pain. Although previous studies have identified suitable landmarks, injury to the GAN in the Kenyan setting still occurs. This study therefore aimed at identifying specific landmarks for the GAN and describing its branching pattern. <b>Objective:</b> To determine the anatomical landmarks of the GAN and its branching patterns. <b>Methods:</b> Forty six nerves were studied. The skin and fascia of the neck was carefully dissected to reveal the platysma muscle, which was reflected to expose the GAN. The distance of the emergence of the GAN on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle as measured from the mastoid process (MP) was measured. Its perpendicular distance from the tragus to the point of branching was also measured. Its distance to the external jugular vein (EJV) was taken using a ruler and a pair of dividers. Finally, the nerve was described according to McKinney's point. The pattern of branching was described as either type 1 (no branching), type 2 (2 branches) or type 3 (3 branches). The position of branching was classified as either anterior, posterior or middle. Collected data was coded into SPSS software (Version 21.0, Chicago, Illinois), and means ± standard deviation were calculated. Representative photos were taken. <b>Results:</b> The mean distance of the point of emergence of the nerve was 9.13 cm +/- 1.66 cm from the MP, while its distance from the tragus was 6.93 cm +/- 1.55. It was also located at a distance of 1.67 cm from the EJV. It mainly bifurcated into two branches (55.6%) and trifurcated in 4.4% of the cases. It remained undivided in 40% of the cases. In our study, the nerve mainly bifurcates in the anterior third of the SCM (22.2%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The GAN in our population mainly bifurcates, and it is more likely to divide closer to the parotid gland. The data presented in the study may be helpful in avoiding its iatrogenic injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75632030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring orbital Volume Using Open Source Software and its Application in Orbitozygomatic Fractures. 使用开源软件测量眼眶体积及其在眼眶颧骨骨折中的应用
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231163982
Taradevi P V Narayan, Vikas Dhupar

Study design: Technical note.

Objective: Changes in orbital volume can lead to esthetic and functional complications of the orbit. In this article, the procedure to calculate the orbital volume using the open source software Aliza 3D DICOM is described.

Methods: This article describes the steps to use this novel software. To validate the software, the normal orbital volume was calculated bilaterally on CT scans with normal orbital anatomy. The volumes of unilateral orbitozygomatic fracture cases were compared.

Results: This open source software has easy access. The normal orbital volume calculated using this software was 24.4 cc ± 0.72. In the unilateral orbitozygomatic fracture cases, an increased orbital volume was calculated.

Conclusions: This easy access, inexpensive, and convenient computer aided software can be used to calculate orbital volume facilitating treatment plan for correction of the orbit volume.

研究设计:技术说明:眼眶容积的变化可导致眼眶的美学和功能并发症。本文介绍了使用开源软件 Aliza 3D DICOM 计算眼眶体积的过程:本文介绍了使用这款新型软件的步骤。为了验证该软件的有效性,在具有正常眼眶解剖结构的 CT 扫描上计算了双侧正常眼眶体积。结果:结果:该开源软件易于使用。使用该软件计算出的正常眼眶体积为 24.4 cc ± 0.72。在单侧眶颧骨骨折病例中,计算出的眶体积有所增加:结论:这款操作简便、价格低廉的计算机辅助软件可用于计算眼眶体积,有助于制定矫正眼眶体积的治疗方案。
{"title":"Measuring orbital Volume Using Open Source Software and its Application in Orbitozygomatic Fractures.","authors":"Taradevi P V Narayan, Vikas Dhupar","doi":"10.1177/19433875231163982","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231163982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Technical note.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Changes in orbital volume can lead to esthetic and functional complications of the orbit. In this article, the procedure to calculate the orbital volume using the open source software Aliza 3D DICOM is described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article describes the steps to use this novel software. To validate the software, the normal orbital volume was calculated bilaterally on CT scans with normal orbital anatomy. The volumes of unilateral orbitozygomatic fracture cases were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This open source software has easy access. The normal orbital volume calculated using this software was 24.4 cc ± 0.72. In the unilateral orbitozygomatic fracture cases, an increased orbital volume was calculated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This easy access, inexpensive, and convenient computer aided software can be used to calculate orbital volume facilitating treatment plan for correction of the orbit volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Reconstruction of Mandible Defects in War Injuries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 战争创伤中下颌骨缺损的重建:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231198947
Umar Rehman, Melissa Shemie, Mohammad Sohaib Sarwar, Oluwasemilore Adebayo, Peter A Brennan

Study design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: There has been an increasing trend in maxillofacial injuries associated with combat trauma. Within the maxillofacial complex, the mandible is the most likely structure to be damaged during combat. The structural deficits as a result can be reconstructed with many options. These include vascularised bone grafts (VBGs), non-vascularised bone grafts (NVBGs), alloplastic implants, reconstruction bars and distraction osteogenesis. This study aimed to determine the common modality and efficacy of mandibular reconstruction in combat trauma-related defects.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Prospero, Dynamed, DARE, EMBASE, COCHRANE and BMJ databases.

Results: A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria identifying 165 patients requiring mandibular reconstruction. Non-vascularised iliac bone graft (n = 137) was the most common method followed by ileac crest bone chips harvest using Dacron urethran osteomesh tray (n = 24) and frontoparietal grafts (n = 4). Meta-analysis of five out of six trials demonstrated an overall success rate of 85% (95% CI 79-90; I2 = 59%). A total of 13% (n = 22) of reconstructions failed either completely or partially and 21% (n = 34) of patients suffered postoperative complications.

Conclusions: NVBGs are a practical, cost-effective and favourable method of war zone management of mandibular defects with success rates comparable to those reported in the civilian literature. However, general trauma principles take precedence to rule out life-threatening injuries. Due consideration of patient factors, surgical factors, and available resources are required in the first-line management of combat-related mandibular defects.

研究设计系统综述和 Meta 分析:与战斗创伤相关的颌面部损伤呈上升趋势。在颌面复合体中,下颌骨是最有可能在战斗中受损的结构。因此造成的结构性缺损可以通过多种方法进行重建。其中包括血管化骨移植(VBGs)、非血管化骨移植(NVBGs)、异体植入物、重建棒和牵张成骨。本研究旨在确定下颌骨重建在与创伤相关的缺损中的常见方式和疗效:方法:在 Pubmed、Prospero、Dynamed、DARE、EMBASE、COCHRANE 和 BMJ 数据库中进行文献检索:共有六篇文章符合纳入标准,确定了165名需要下颌骨重建的患者。非血管化髂骨移植(137例)是最常见的方法,其次是使用Dacron尿道骨网盘采集回肠嵴骨片(24例)和前顶骨移植(4例)。对六项试验中的五项进行的 Meta 分析表明,总体成功率为 85% (95% CI 79-90;I2 = 59%)。共有13%(22人)的重建完全或部分失败,21%(34人)的患者出现术后并发症:结论:NVBGs是一种实用、经济、有效的战区下颌骨缺损治疗方法,其成功率与民用文献报道的方法相当。然而,一般的创伤原则应优先考虑排除危及生命的损伤。在一线处理与战斗有关的下颌骨缺损时,需要适当考虑患者因素、手术因素和可用资源。
{"title":"The Reconstruction of Mandible Defects in War Injuries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Umar Rehman, Melissa Shemie, Mohammad Sohaib Sarwar, Oluwasemilore Adebayo, Peter A Brennan","doi":"10.1177/19433875231198947","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231198947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>There has been an increasing trend in maxillofacial injuries associated with combat trauma. Within the maxillofacial complex, the mandible is the most likely structure to be damaged during combat. The structural deficits as a result can be reconstructed with many options. These include vascularised bone grafts (VBGs), non-vascularised bone grafts (NVBGs), alloplastic implants, reconstruction bars and distraction osteogenesis. This study aimed to determine the common modality and efficacy of mandibular reconstruction in combat trauma-related defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Prospero, Dynamed, DARE, EMBASE, COCHRANE and BMJ databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria identifying 165 patients requiring mandibular reconstruction. Non-vascularised iliac bone graft (n = 137) was the most common method followed by ileac crest bone chips harvest using Dacron urethran osteomesh tray (n = 24) and frontoparietal grafts (n = 4). Meta-analysis of five out of six trials demonstrated an overall success rate of 85% (95% CI 79-90; I<sup>2</sup> = 59%). A total of 13% (n = 22) of reconstructions failed either completely or partially and 21% (n = 34) of patients suffered postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NVBGs are a practical, cost-effective and favourable method of war zone management of mandibular defects with success rates comparable to those reported in the civilian literature. However, general trauma principles take precedence to rule out life-threatening injuries. Due consideration of patient factors, surgical factors, and available resources are required in the first-line management of combat-related mandibular defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89871949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flattening the Curve and Cutting Corners-Pearls and Pitfalls Facial Gender Affirming Surgery. 拉平曲线与切角--明珠与陷阱 面部性别平权手术。
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231178968
Sven Gunther, Jourdan Carboy, Breanna Jedrzejewski, Jens Berli

Study design: This is an experiential article based on the past 6 years experience of providing facial gender confirmation surgery (fGAS) at an academic medical center.

Objective: While trainees are getting increasing exposure to aspects of facial gender affirming surgery (fGAS), the gap between trained providers and patients who can access care is currently still widening. A handful of fellowships across the country have emerged that include fGAS in their curriculum, but it will take another decade before the principles of affirming care and surgeries are systematically taught. Fortunately, the surgical principles and techniques required to perform fGAS are part of the skill set of any specialty surgeon trained in adult craniofacial trauma and esthetic facial surgery/rhinoplasty. It is the aim of this article to provide directly applicable knowledge with the goal to assist surgeons who consider offering fGAS in flattening the learning curve and hopefully contribute to increasing the quality of care provided for the transgender and gender diverse population. We hope to provide the reader with a very tangible article with the aims to 1) provide a simple systematic framework for an affirming consultation and preoperative assessment and 2) provide translatable surgical pearls and pitfalls for forehead feminization and gonial angle resection. The frontal sinus set back and gonial angle resection in our opinion are the most unique aspect to fGAS as rhinoplasty, genioplasty and other associated procedures (e.g., fat grafting) follow well established principles. We hope that the value of this article lies in the translatability of the presented principle to any practice setting without the need for VSP, special surgical instruments or technology beyond basic craniofacial tools.

Methods: This is an experiential article based on the senior authors 6 year experience offering fGAS in an academic setting. The article is structured to outline both pearls and pittfalls and is supplemented by photographs and a surgical video.

Results: A total of 19 pearls and pitfalls are outlined in the article.

Conclusions: Facial gender affirming surgery mostly follows established craniofacial and esthetic surgery principles. Forehead feminization and gonial angle feminization are the 2 components that diverge most from established surgical techniques and this article hopefully provides guidance to shorten the learning curve of surgeons.

研究设计:这是一篇经验性文章,基于过去 6 年学术医疗中心提供面部性别确认手术(fGAS)的经验:虽然受训人员越来越多地接触到面部性别确认手术(fGAS)的各个方面,但目前受过培训的医疗人员与能够获得治疗的患者之间的差距仍在扩大。全国各地出现了一些将面部性别平权手术纳入课程的研究班,但还需要十年的时间才能系统地传授平权护理和手术的原则。幸运的是,任何接受过成人颅颌面创伤和面部美容手术/鼻成形术培训的专科外科医生都掌握了实施颅颌面外科学所需的手术原则和技术。本文旨在提供可直接应用的知识,目的是帮助那些考虑开展 fGAS 的外科医生缩短学习曲线,并希望能为提高变性和性别多元化人群的医疗质量做出贡献。我们希望为读者提供一篇非常具体的文章,目的是:1)为肯定性咨询和术前评估提供一个简单的系统框架;2)为前额女性化和盂角切除提供可转化的手术珍珠和陷阱。我们认为,额窦后移和颧角切除术是额部女性化手术最独特的方面,因为鼻成形术、鼻根成形术和其他相关手术(如脂肪移植)都遵循既定的原则。我们希望这篇文章的价值在于所介绍的原理可应用于任何实践环境,而无需使用 VSP、特殊手术器械或基本颅面工具以外的技术:本文是一篇经验性文章,基于资深作者 6 年来在学术环境中提供 fGAS 的经验。文章的结构概括了珍珠和缺陷,并辅以照片和手术视频:结果:文章共概述了 19 项珍珠和陷阱:结论:面部性别确认手术大多遵循既定的颅面和美学手术原则。前额女性化和颧角女性化是与既有手术技术差异最大的两个部分,希望这篇文章能为外科医生缩短学习曲线提供指导。
{"title":"Flattening the Curve and Cutting Corners-Pearls and Pitfalls Facial Gender Affirming Surgery.","authors":"Sven Gunther, Jourdan Carboy, Breanna Jedrzejewski, Jens Berli","doi":"10.1177/19433875231178968","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19433875231178968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>This is an experiential article based on the past 6 years experience of providing facial gender confirmation surgery (fGAS) at an academic medical center.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>While trainees are getting increasing exposure to aspects of facial gender affirming surgery (fGAS), the gap between trained providers and patients who can access care is currently still widening. A handful of fellowships across the country have emerged that include fGAS in their curriculum, but it will take another decade before the principles of affirming care and surgeries are systematically taught. Fortunately, the surgical principles and techniques required to perform fGAS are part of the skill set of any specialty surgeon trained in adult craniofacial trauma and esthetic facial surgery/rhinoplasty. It is the aim of this article to provide directly applicable knowledge with the goal to assist surgeons who consider offering fGAS in flattening the learning curve and hopefully contribute to increasing the quality of care provided for the transgender and gender diverse population. We hope to provide the reader with a very tangible article with the aims to 1) provide a simple systematic framework for an affirming consultation and preoperative assessment and 2) provide translatable surgical pearls and pitfalls for forehead feminization and gonial angle resection. The frontal sinus set back and gonial angle resection in our opinion are the most unique aspect to fGAS as rhinoplasty, genioplasty and other associated procedures (e.g., fat grafting) follow well established principles. We hope that the value of this article lies in the translatability of the presented principle to any practice setting without the need for VSP, special surgical instruments or technology beyond basic craniofacial tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an experiential article based on the senior authors 6 year experience offering fGAS in an academic setting. The article is structured to outline both pearls and pittfalls and is supplemented by photographs and a surgical video.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 pearls and pitfalls are outlined in the article.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Facial gender affirming surgery mostly follows established craniofacial and esthetic surgery principles. Forehead feminization and gonial angle feminization are the 2 components that diverge most from established surgical techniques and this article hopefully provides guidance to shorten the learning curve of surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74718831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum to "Current Evidence for the Management of Edentulous Atrophic Mandible Fractures: A PRISMA-SWiM Guided Review". 无牙萎缩性下颌骨骨折治疗的现有证据:PRISMA-SWiM 指导下的综述"。
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/19433875221150350

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/19433875221115585.].

[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.1177/19433875221115585]。
{"title":"Erratum to \"Current Evidence for the Management of Edentulous Atrophic Mandible Fractures: A PRISMA-SWiM Guided Review\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/19433875221150350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875221150350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/19433875221115585.].</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1