The implementation and public health impacts of cannabis legalization in Canada: a systematic review

IF 5.2 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Addiction Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI:10.1111/add.16274

Wayne Hall, Daniel Stjepanovi?, Danielle Dawson, Janni Leung

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Aims

We provide a narrative summary of research on changes in cannabis arrests, cannabis products and prices, cannabis use and cannabis-related harm since legalization.

Methods

We systematically searched for research on the impacts of cannabis legalization in Canada in PubMed, Embase, Statistics Canada and government websites and Google Scholar, published between 2006 and 2021.

Results

Cannabis legalization in Canada has been followed by substantial reductions in cannabis-related arrests and cannabis prices. It has also increased adults’ access to a diverse range of cannabis products, including edibles and extracts. The prevalence of cannabis use among young adults has increased, but there have been no marked increases or decreases in use among high school students or changes in the prevalence of daily or near-daily use. Legalization has been associated with increased adult hospital attendances for psychiatric distress and vomiting, unintentional ingestion of edible cannabis products by children and hospitalizations for cannabis use disorders in adults. There is conflicting evidence on whether cannabis-impaired driving has increased since legalization. There is suggestive evidence that presentations to emergency departments with psychoses and cannabis use disorders may have increased since legalization.

Conclusions

Legalization of cannabis in Canada appears to have reduced cannabis arrests and increased access to a variety of more potent cannabis products at lower prices. Since 2019, recent cannabis use in Canada has modestly increased among adults but not among adolescents. There is evidence of increased acute adverse effects of cannabis among adults and children.

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加拿大大麻合法化的实施情况和对公共健康的影响：系统审查

目的我们提供了自合法化以来大麻逮捕、大麻产品和价格、大麻使用和大麻相关危害变化研究的叙述性摘要。方法我们在PubMed、Embase、加拿大统计局、政府网站和谷歌学者中系统地搜索了2006年至2021年间发表的关于加拿大大麻合法化影响的研究。结果在加拿大大麻合法化之后，与大麻有关的逮捕和大麻价格大幅下降。它还增加了成年人获得各种大麻产品的机会，包括食用品和提取物。年轻人中大麻使用的流行率有所上升，但高中生中大麻的使用率没有显著增加或减少，日常或接近日常使用的流行度也没有变化。合法化与成人因精神痛苦和呕吐、儿童无意摄入可食用大麻产品以及成人因大麻使用障碍住院的人数增加有关。关于大麻危害驾驶自合法化以来是否有所增加，有相互矛盾的证据。有提示性证据表明，自合法化以来，向急诊科提交的精神病和大麻使用障碍报告可能有所增加。结论加拿大大麻合法化似乎减少了对大麻的逮捕，增加了以较低价格获得各种强效大麻产品的机会。自2019年以来，加拿大最近的大麻使用量在成年人中略有增加，但在青少年中没有增加。有证据表明，大麻对成人和儿童的急性不良影响有所增加。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addiction 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

6.70%

发文量

319

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines. Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries. Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.