{"title":"Sunspot Observations at the Eimmart Observatory: Revision and Supplement","authors":"Mikhail Vokhmyanin, Nadezhda Zolotova","doi":"10.1007/s11207-023-02208-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital images of sunspot drawings of the archives of Georg Christoph Eimmart stored at the National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg, are analyzed to obtain sunspot-group numbers and sunspot areas as well as heliographic positions. Overall, more than a hundred drawings were processed. The impact of drawing and reproduction uncertainties and the aims of historical observations are considered. The sunspot positions are compared to those reported by contemporary observers of the Maunder minimum. The restored sunspot-group numbers and latitudes are compared to those extracted by Hoyt and Schatten (<i>Solar Phys</i>. <b>179</b>, 189, 1998) as well as Hayakawa et al. (<i>Solar Phys</i>. <b>296</b>, 154, 2021b) and Hayakawa et al. (<i>Astrophys</i>. <i>J</i>. <b>909</b>, 166, 2021d). The persistence of long-lived sunspots over several solar rotations is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"298 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-023-02208-4.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-023-02208-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Digital images of sunspot drawings of the archives of Georg Christoph Eimmart stored at the National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg, are analyzed to obtain sunspot-group numbers and sunspot areas as well as heliographic positions. Overall, more than a hundred drawings were processed. The impact of drawing and reproduction uncertainties and the aims of historical observations are considered. The sunspot positions are compared to those reported by contemporary observers of the Maunder minimum. The restored sunspot-group numbers and latitudes are compared to those extracted by Hoyt and Schatten (Solar Phys. 179, 189, 1998) as well as Hayakawa et al. (Solar Phys. 296, 154, 2021b) and Hayakawa et al. (Astrophys. J. 909, 166, 2021d). The persistence of long-lived sunspots over several solar rotations is discussed.
对圣彼得堡俄罗斯国家图书馆保存的Georg Christoph Eimmart档案中的太阳黑子图的数字图像进行分析，以获得太阳黑子群数量、太阳黑子面积以及日图位置。总共处理了100多张图纸。考虑了绘画和复制不确定性的影响以及历史观察的目的。将太阳黑子的位置与现代观测者报告的蒙德极小期的位置进行了比较。将恢复的太阳黑子群数量和纬度与Hoyt和Schatten（太阳物理1791891998）以及Hayakawa等人提取的数据进行了比较。（太阳物理学2961542021b）和Hayakawa等人。（Astrophys.J.9091662021d）。讨论了长寿命太阳黑子在几次太阳自转中的持续性。
期刊介绍：
Solar Physics was founded in 1967 and is the principal journal for the publication of the results of fundamental research on the Sun. The journal treats all aspects of solar physics, ranging from the internal structure of the Sun and its evolution to the outer corona and solar wind in interplanetary space. Papers on solar-terrestrial physics and on stellar research are also published when their results have a direct bearing on our understanding of the Sun.
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