Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions.

IF 10.8 1区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE International Journal of Oral Science Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI:10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w
Yunhan Tan, Zhihan Wang, Mengtong Xu, Bowen Li, Zhao Huang, Siyuan Qin, Edouard C Nice, Jing Tang, Canhua Huang
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Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.

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口腔鳞状细胞癌:研究现状和发展方向。
口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)发生在口腔粘膜上皮上。它约占口腔恶性肿瘤的90%,并损害外观、发音、吞咽和味觉。2020年,全球共报告377713例OSCC病例。根据全球癌症观察站(GCO)的数据,到2040年,OSCC的发病率将上升约40%,同时死亡率也将上升。持续暴露于各种风险因素,包括烟草、酒精、槟榔液(BQ)和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV),将导致口腔潜在恶性疾病(OPMD)的发展,这是一种口腔粘膜病变,发展为OSCC的风险增加。致癌过程复杂且多因素,涉及基因改变、表观遗传学修饰和失调的肿瘤微环境。尽管已经提出了各种治疗干预措施,如化疗、放疗、免疫疗法和纳米医学,以预防或治疗OSCC和OPMD,但了解恶性肿瘤的机制将有助于识别治疗和预后因素,从而提高OSCC患者的治疗效果。本文综述了OSCC的相关机制。此外,还讨论了目前OSCC和OPMD的治疗干预措施和预后方法,以促进理解,并为该领域提供一些前瞻性的前景。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Oral Science
International Journal of Oral Science DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-
CiteScore
31.80
自引率
1.30%
发文量
53
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Oral Science covers various aspects of oral science and interdisciplinary fields, encompassing basic, applied, and clinical research. Topics include, but are not limited to: Oral microbiology Oral and maxillofacial oncology Cariology Oral inflammation and infection Dental stem cells and regenerative medicine Craniofacial surgery Dental material Oral biomechanics Oral, dental, and maxillofacial genetic and developmental diseases Craniofacial bone research Craniofacial-related biomaterials Temporomandibular joint disorder and osteoarthritis The journal publishes peer-reviewed Articles presenting new research results and Review Articles offering concise summaries of specific areas in oral science.
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