Phenoloxidases: catechol oxidase - the temporary employer and laccase - the rising star of vascular plants.

IF 7.6 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY 园艺研究(英文) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 eCollection Date: 2023-07-01 DOI:10.1093/hr/uhad102
Jugou Liao, Xuemei Wei, Keliang Tao, Gang Deng, Jie Shu, Qin Qiao, Gonglin Chen, Zhuo Wei, Meihui Fan, Shah Saud, Shah Fahad, Suiyun Chen
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Abstract

Phenolics are vital for the adaptation of plants to terrestrial habitats and for species diversity. Phenoloxidases (catechol oxidases, COs, and laccases, LACs) are responsible for the oxidation and polymerization of phenolics. However, their origin, evolution, and differential roles during plant development and land colonization are unclear. We performed the phylogeny, domain, amino acids, compositional biases, and intron analyses to clarify the origin and evolution of COs and LACs, and analysed the structure, selective pressure, and chloroplast targeting to understand the species-dependent distribution of COs. We found that Streptophyta COs were not homologous to the Chlorophyta tyrosinases (TYRs), and might have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. COs expanded in bryophytes. Structural-functionality and selective pressure were partially responsible for the species-dependent retention of COs in embryophytes. LACs emerged in Zygnemaphyceae, having evolved from ascorbate oxidases (AAOs), and prevailed in the vascular plants and strongly expanded in seed plants. COs and LACs coevolved with the phenolic metabolism pathway genes. These results suggested that TYRs and AAOs were the first-stage phenoloxidases in Chlorophyta. COs might be the second key for the early land colonization. LACs were the third one (dominating in the vascular plants) and might be advantageous for diversified phenol substrates and the erect growth of plants. This work provided new insights into how phenoloxidases evolved and were devoted to plant evolution.

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酚氧化酶:儿茶酚氧化酶-暂时的雇主和漆酶-维管植物的后起之秀。
酚类化合物对植物适应陆地栖息地和物种多样性至关重要。酚氧化酶(邻苯二酚氧化酶,CO和漆酶,LACs)负责酚类物质的氧化和聚合。然而,它们的起源、进化以及在植物发育和土地殖民化过程中的不同作用尚不清楚。我们进行了系统发育、结构域、氨基酸、组成偏差和内含子分析,以阐明CO和LACs的起源和进化,并分析了结构、选择压力和叶绿体靶向,以了解CO的物种依赖性分布。我们发现链霉菌COs与叶绿素酪氨酸酶(TYRs)不同源,可能是通过细菌水平基因转移获得的。CO2在苔藓植物中扩展。结构功能和选择压力是胚胎植物中CO2依赖性保留的部分原因。LACs出现在Zynemaphyceae中,由抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAOs)进化而来,在维管植物中普遍存在,并在种子植物中强烈膨胀。CO和LAC与酚类代谢途径基因共同进化。这些结果表明TYRs和AAOs是叶绿体中的第一阶段酚氧化酶。COs可能是早期陆地殖民的第二个关键。LACs是第三种(在维管植物中占主导地位),可能有利于多种酚底物和植物的直立生长。这项工作为酚氧化酶的进化提供了新的见解,并致力于植物进化。
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