园艺研究(英文)最新文献

Appropriate root system architecture (RSA) can improve alfalfa yield, yet its genetic basis remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated six RSA traits in 171 alfalfa genotypes grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. We also analyzed five yield-related traits in normal and drought stress environments and found a significant correlation (0.50) between root dry weight (RDW) and alfalfa dry weight under normal conditions (N_DW). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 1 303 374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to explore the relationships between RSA traits. Sixty significant SNPs (-log ₁₀ (P) ≥ 5) were identified, with genes within the 50 kb upstream and downstream ranges primarily enriched in GO terms related to root development, hormone synthesis, and signaling, as well as morphological development. Further analysis identified 19 high-confidence candidate genes, including AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LBD), and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX). We verified that the forage dry weight under both normal and drought conditions exhibited significant differences among materials with different numbers of favorable haplotypes. Alfalfa containing more favorable haplotypes exhibited higher forage yields, whereas favorable haplotypes were not subjected to human selection during alfalfa breeding. Genomic prediction (GP) utilized SNPs from GWAS and machine learning for each RSA trait, achieving prediction accuracies ranging from 0.70 for secondary root position (SRP) to 0.80 for root length (RL), indicating robust predictive capability across the assessed traits. These findings provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of root development in alfalfa, potentially informing future breeding strategies aimed at improving yield.

Although plant secretory tissues play important roles in host defense against herbivores and pathogens and the attraction of insect pollinators, their genetic control remains elusive. Here, it is focused that current progress has been made in the genetic regulatory mechanisms underpinning secretory tissue development in land plants. C1HDZ transcription factors (TFs) are found to play crucial roles in the regulation of internal secretory tissues in liverworts and Citrus as well as external secretory tissues in peach. C1HDZ TFs regulate secretory tissue development via synergistic interaction with AP2/ERF and MYC TFs. Thus, a set of genes are speculated to be recruited convergently for the formation of secretory tissues in land plants.

As one of the grave environmental hazards, soil salinization seriously limits crop productivity, growth, and development. When plants are exposed to salt stress, they suffer a sequence of damage mainly caused by osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and subsequently oxidative stress. As sessile organisms, plants have developed many physiological and biochemical strategies to mitigate the impact of salt stress. These strategies include altering root development direction, shortening the life cycle, accelerating dormancy, closing stomata to reduce transpiration, and decreasing biomass. Apart from being a prime energy source, light is an environmental signal that profoundly influences plant growth and development and also participates in plants' response to salt stress. This review summarizes the regulatory network of salt tolerance by light signals in plants, which is vital to further understanding plants' adaptation to high salinity. In addition, the review highlights potential future uses of genetic engineering and light supplement technology by light-emitting diode (LED) to improve crop growth in saline-alkali environments in order to make full use of the vast saline land.

Pea occupy a key position in modern biogenetics, playing multifaceted roles as food, vegetable, fodder, and green manure. However, due to the complex nature of its genome and the prolonged unveiling of high-quality genetic maps, research into the molecular mechanisms underlying pea development and stress responses has been significantly delayed. Furthermore, the exploration of its epigenetic modification profiles and associated regulatory mechanisms remains uncharted. This research conducted a comprehensive investigation of four specific histone marks, namely H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K9ac, and H3K9me2, and the transcriptome in pea under normal conditions, and established a global map of genome-wide regulatory elements, chromatin states, and dynamics based on these major modifications. Our analysis identified epigenomic signals across ~82.6% of the genome. Each modification exhibits distinct enrichment patterns: H3K4me3 is predominantly associated with the gibberellin response pathway, H3K27me3 is primarily associated with auxin and ethylene responses, and H3K9ac is primarily associated with negative regulatory stimulus responses. We also identified a novel bivalent chromatin state (H3K9ac-H3K27me3) in pea, which is related to their development and stress response. Additionally, we unveil that these histone modifications synergistically regulate metabolic-related genes, influencing metabolite production under salt stress conditions. Our findings offer a panoramic view of the major histone modifications in pea, elucidate their interplay, and highlight their transcriptional regulatory roles during salt stress.

Safflower, an economic crop, is renowned for its flowers, which are widely used in medicines for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and in dyes for food and industry. The utility of safflower depends on its flavonoid glycosides. Therefore, the biosynthesis of safflower flavonoid glycosides has been a focus of attention, but the present mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify functional genes associated with flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in safflower through a comprehensive approach that integrates whole-genome screen and multi-omics correlation studies. CYP and UGT are two crucial genes families involved in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis. We have screened 264 CYP genes and 140 UGT genes in the genome of safflower and conducted analyzes including phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, cis-acting elements, and chromosome mapping, which provided extensive and comprehensive data on the CYP and UGT gene families. Integration of phenotype and metabolic data from safflower different tissues helped narrow down the screening by confirming that HSYA is synthesized only in flowers. Based on the gene expression patterns and phylogenetic analysis, CtOGT1 was ultimately identified, which could catalyze the generation of glycosides using various flavonoid substrates and exhibited strong substrate affinity. Moreover, molecular docking studies elucidated CtOGT1's highly active intrinsic mechanism. In conclusion, this study effectively identified genes responsible for flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in safflower through the integration of whole-genome screen and multi-omics analysis, established a comprehensive foundation of data, methodology, and experimental evidence for further elucidating the pathways of safflower flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis.

Garlic is a widely utilized condiment and health product. However, garlic bulbs are prone to quality deterioration resulting in decrease of economic value during postharvest. In this study, the storability of 501 garlic accessions worldwide was evaluated based on the examination of decay index (DI), decay rate, sprouting rate, and bud-to-clove ratio in two consecutive years. The DI was employed as a primary index for evaluating the storability of garlic. Among these garlic, 43 accessions exhibited strong storability with DI of 0%-5%. Phenotypic and cytological observations revealed that strong storability accessions displayed delayed sprouting and decay, a slow rate of nutrient transfer to vascular bundles. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS), 234 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci (SNPs) were associated with the storability, which were located in or near 401 genes, which were annotated the functions of resistance, storage substances transport, etc. A total of 44 genes were screened using selective sweep analysis. Transcriptomic analysis was performed at four periods after storage in the 8N035 accession with strong storability and 8N258 accession with weak storability. Compared with 8N035, the upregulated genes in the 8N258 were enriched in photosynthesis and stress response, whereas the downregulated genes were enriched in response of biotic and abiotic stress and defense response. A co-expression network and GWAS identified three hub genes as key regulatory genes. Conjoint analysis of GWAS, selective sweep, and transcriptomic analysis identified 21 important candidate genes. These findings provided excellent resources with storability and vital candidate genes regulating storability for biological breeding of garlic.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad050.].