Head lice as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms.

IF 3.6 Q1 TROPICAL MEDICINE Tropical Medicine and Health Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI:10.1186/s41182-023-00545-5
Hermann Feldmeier
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Abstract

Body lice and head lice are the most common ectoparasites of humans. Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) occur worldwide in children and their caretakers, irrespective of their social status. In contrast, body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) are confined to marginalized population groups in countries of the Global South, homeless people, and refugees. Body lice are known to transmit an array of bacterial pathogens, such as R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii, C. burneti, B. quintana, B. recurrentis, and Y. pestis. The vector capacity of head lice is still a matter of debate. The objective of the review was to scrutinize the existing evidence on the vector capacity of head lice for the transmission of bacterial pathogens. The PUBMED database was searched using a combination of the terms "pediculus humanus" OR "body lice" OR "head lice" AND "pathogen" OR "Rickettsia prowazekii" OR "Bartonella quintana" OR "Borrelia recurrentis" OR "Coxiella burneti" without a time limit. Data from epidemiological studies as well as historical observations demonstrate that body lice and head lice can carry the same array of pathogens. Since the presence of a bacterial pathogen in an arthropod is not sufficient to state that it can be transmitted to humans, and since experimental models are lacking, as yet one cannot conclude with certainty that head lice serve as vectors, although this review presents circumstantial evidence that they do. Adequately designed experimental and epidemiological studies are needed to ascertain the exact transmission potential of head lice.

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头虱作为病原微生物的媒介。
体虱和头虱是人类最常见的体外寄生虫。头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)发生在世界各地的儿童及其看护人身上,无论他们的社会地位如何。相比之下,体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)仅限于全球南方国家的边缘化人口群体、无家可归者和难民。众所周知,体虱会传播一系列细菌病原体,如普氏乳杆菌、立克次体乳杆菌、burneti乳杆菌、昆塔纳乳杆菌、复发乳杆菌和鼠疫杆菌。头虱的媒介能力仍然是一个有争议的问题。审查的目的是仔细审查关于头虱传播细菌病原体的媒介能力的现有证据。PUBMED数据库是使用术语“人类足癣”或“体虱”或“头虱”和“病原体”或“原瓦泽基立克次体”或“五分巴尔托内拉”或“复发性疏螺旋体”或”烧伤Coxiella burneti”的组合进行搜索的,没有时间限制。流行病学研究和历史观察的数据表明,体虱和头虱可以携带相同的病原体。由于节肢动物中细菌病原体的存在不足以说明它可以传播给人类,而且缺乏实验模型,因此目前还不能肯定地得出头虱是媒介的结论,尽管这篇综述提供了间接证据。需要进行充分设计的实验和流行病学研究,以确定头虱的确切传播潜力。
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来源期刊
Tropical Medicine and Health
Tropical Medicine and Health TROPICAL MEDICINE-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.20%
发文量
90
审稿时长
11 weeks
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